Energy
Crude petroleum
Where it comes from, what share of an industry’s output it is, and which wars the model links to it.
This page shows production, shares and inputs. It does not show a death toll per tonne. The shares below say what part of an industry’s output this material is, and what part of a war’s harm the model links to it. Multiplying either by a number of people gives a result, and no result is published until it comes from a recorded calculation, with a range and a confidence grade.
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The products it reaches
Each product whose list of materials contains Crude petroleum, with its deaths per item by the materials method and the part of that figure this material accounts for.
Scenario Economic-embedded, using FIGARO 2023.
In this calculation, no product’s figure reaches it.
Deaths per tonne produced are calculated for this material too, but not shown: that figure has no range yet.
Who produces it
The publisher’s own figures for 2025, across 103 countries. Nothing here has been linked to anything yet.
| Country | Produced | Share | Figure |
|---|---|---|---|
| United States USA |
676,256,003 t | 16.1% | gap filled |
| Saudi Arabia SAU |
483,012,872 t | 11.5% | gap filled |
| Russian Federation RUS |
482,887,463 t | 11.5% | gap filled |
| Canada CAN |
243,073,630 t | 5.8% | gap filled |
| Iraq IRQ |
215,695,948 t | 5.1% | gap filled |
| China CHN |
215,627,235 t | 5.1% | gap filled |
| Iran, Islamic Rep. IRN |
202,435,363 t | 4.8% | gap filled |
| Brazil BRA |
195,262,245 t | 4.7% | gap filled |
| United Arab Emirates ARE |
181,227,439 t | 4.3% | gap filled |
| Kuwait KWT |
130,204,893 t | 3.1% | gap filled |
| Kazakhstan KAZ |
102,938,320 t | 2.5% | gap filled |
| Mexico MEX |
90,459,762 t | 2.2% | gap filled |
| Norway NOR |
87,808,081 t | 2.1% | gap filled |
| Nigeria NGA |
80,115,185 t | 1.9% | gap filled |
| Libya LBY |
66,186,010 t | 1.6% | gap filled |
Production figures: FAO, FAOSTAT, CC BY 4.0. FAO does not endorse any figure made from them, and none is implied.
What share of an industry’s output it is
Worked out from production, not typed in: an industry’s split between materials is the share of what it actually produced. These are WORLD figures, all years together; the model itself uses a separate mix for every country and year, because a world mix would link deaths in the Congo to copper mined in Chile.
| Industry | Share of output | How |
|---|---|---|
| Extraction of crude petroleum and natural gas 06 |
65.2% | world mix · LOW |
| Mining and quarrying B |
48.5% | world mix · LOW |
Weight and value answer different questions and are never added together. A tonne of gold weighs the same as a tonne of iron ore but is worth far more, so the share of an industry’s harm this material gets depends on which one is used.
Which wars the model links to it
The average share of each war’s harm that the model links to this material, taken over the countries and years the war covers. An average of shares is not a share of a total, and the two differ whenever the coverage is uneven.
| War | Average share of its harm | Years |
|---|---|---|
| Iraq: Government | 71.01% | 29 |
| Angola: Government | 54.93% | 15 |
| Sudan: Government | 43.24% | 30 |
| Nigeria: Government | 41.93% | 17 |
| Colombia: Government | 33.21% | 37 |
| Syria: Government | 30.71% | 15 |
| Jalisco Cartel New Generation - Sinaloa Cartel | 22.67% | 11 |
| Ukraine: Lugansk | 19.17% | 1 |
| Niger: Government | 17.03% | 9 |
| Niger: Islamic State | 17.03% | 9 |
| Russia - Ukraine | 16.86% | 6 |
| Ethiopia: Government | 12.37% | 1 |
These are shares of a war, not counts of people. The number of deaths they stand for is calculated but not published: it has no range yet and has not passed the test on past years.
Harm per tonne and per euro
Harm per tonne and harm per euro are both calculated. Neither is shown yet.
Harm per tonne of this material is defined for 53 years, 1973 to 2025: the years for which the model has both the harm and the world production of this material.
Both are numbers of people divided by an amount, from a calculation that has no range and has not passed the test on past years yet, and nothing of that kind is published until it has. What this page can say now is whether each can be worked out, and on what basis.
Sources
| Version of the data | Downloaded | File fingerprint |
|---|---|---|
| eia · intl-20261003 | 2026-10-06 | 9251a5920ebe7044… |
Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, International Energy Statistics — intl-20261003, retrieved 2026-10-06 from https://www.eia.gov/opendata/bulk/INTL.zip. Used under U.S. Government work — public domain (EIA Copyrights and Reuse); see https://www.eia.gov/about/copyrights_reuse.php.