Harm counted here, in the products the model covers

Each product whose supply chain counts deaths in Benin, with its deaths per item and the part of that figure counted here — the other side of the story: harm suffered here, in things mostly bought elsewhere.

Scenario Economic-embedded, using FIGARO 2023.

Harm counted here, in the products the model covers
Product	Deaths per item
Cotton fabric Part from here: 0.86%	3.9 × 10⁻⁸ per item(1.5–9.5 × 10⁻⁸)LOWS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r
Cotton T-shirt Part from here: 0.86%	6.4 × 10⁻⁹ per item(0.25–1.6 × 10⁻⁸)LOWS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r
Cotton yarn Part from here: 0.86%	3.8 × 10⁻⁸ per item(1.5–9.3 × 10⁻⁸)LOWS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r
Denim fabric Part from here: 0.86%	3.8 × 10⁻⁸ per item(1.5–9.8 × 10⁻⁸)LOWS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r
Jeans Part from here: 0.86%	3.2 × 10⁻⁸ per item(1.2–8.0 × 10⁻⁸)LOWS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r
Bag of charcoal Part from here: <0.1%	1.5 × 10⁻⁷ per item(0.61–3.5 × 10⁻⁷)LOWS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r
Butter Part from here: <0.1%	3.2 × 10⁻⁷ per item(1.3–7.2 × 10⁻⁷)LOWS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r
Croissant Part from here: <0.1%	0.42–2.4 × 10⁻⁸ per itemINDICATIVES-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r
Refined sugar Part from here: <0.1%	6.1 × 10⁻⁹ per item(0.24–1.5 × 10⁻⁸)LOWS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r
Coffee, one cup Part from here: <0.1%	4.7 × 10⁻¹⁰ per item(0.19–1.2 × 10⁻⁹)LOWS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r
Roasted coffee Part from here: <0.1%	6.7 × 10⁻⁸ per item(0.27–1.7 × 10⁻⁷)LOWS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r
Chocolate bar Part from here: <0.1%	2.5 × 10⁻⁹ per item(1.2–5.8 × 10⁻⁹)LOWS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r
Pack of cigarettes Part from here: <0.1%	3.6 × 10⁻¹⁰ per item(1.4–8.8 × 10⁻¹⁰)LOWS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r

The figure is the product’s own, with its range. The share beside it is a middle estimate only: the calculation stores a range for each figure, not for each part of one.

Recorded here

Deaths recorded for this country, as their publishers counted them: war deaths from the Uppsala Conflict Data Program (UCDP), and deaths at work reported to the International Labour Organization. Both are records, and both are floors, not estimates of the whole. A war death is recorded where it happened, whoever died.

Recorded here
Kind of harm	Years	Deaths recorded	Latest year
War deaths (UCDP)	2019–2025	334	160 (2025)
Deaths at work (ILOSTAT, as reported)	1976–2004	137	4 (2004)

What it produces

The latest year on record for each material, and this country’s share of the production on record for that year. That is not always a share of the world total: when a publisher lumps small producers together as “other countries”, that group is not a country and is not loaded.

What it produces
Material	Produced	Share of recorded production	Quality
Crude petroleum (1998)	53,000 t	0.0%	reported
Milk (2024)	188,438 t	0.0%	reported
Maize (2024)	2,094,824 t	0.2%	reported
Rice (2024)	500,605 t	0.1%	reported
Soybeans (2024)	652,454 t	0.2%	reported
Sugar (2024)	80,553 t	0.0%	gap filled
Coffee (2024)	55 t	0.0%	estimated
Cocoa (2010)	100 t	0.0%	external
Palm oil (2023)	100,000 t	0.1%	external
Cotton (2024)	635,976 t	0.9%	reported
Livestock (2024)	104,577 t	0.0%	reported
Timber (2024)	384,656 m3	0.0%	estimated
Tobacco (unmanufactured) (2024)	3 t	0.0%	estimated
Wood charcoal (2024)	49,050 t	0.1%	gap filled
Agricultural land (2024)	4,864,600 ha	0.1%	gap filled
Forest (2025)	3,133,270 ha	0.1%	external
Fresh water (2023)	145,000,000 m3	0.0%	gap filled

Where what it consumes is produced

For each material, how much of what this country uses was produced in each country. It is traced through trade, so a country that only passes a material on is not counted as its source: it hands on the mix it imported. The largest sources are listed and the rest added together.

Crude petroleum — 2023, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Nigeria	99.6%	yes
United Arab Emirates	0.4%	—
All other countries	0.0%

Natural gas — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
United States	86.7%	—
Canada	10.6%	—
Ghana	0.9%	yes
Norway	0.5%	—
Nigeria	0.4%	yes
United Arab Emirates	0.4%	—
All other countries	0.6%

Coal and lignite — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Nigeria	77.4%	yes
Russian Federation	21.3%	yes
China	1.0%	—
Indonesia	0.1%	yes
All other countries	0.2%

Cobalt — 2016, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Australia	38.7%	—
Canada	25.2%	—
Congo, Dem. Rep.	14.0%	yes
Russian Federation	7.1%	yes
Madagascar	6.5%	—
Zambia	2.4%	—
All other countries	6.0%

Copper — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Chile	48.4%	—
Congo, Dem. Rep.	12.3%	yes
Peru	10.8%	—
China	7.9%	—
Poland	7.3%	—
Kazakhstan	2.7%	—
All other countries	10.6%

Lithium — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Australia	32.4%	—
Chile	29.3%	—
China	20.6%	—
Argentina	7.8%	yes
Zimbabwe	6.6%	—
Brazil	1.8%	yes
All other countries	1.5%

Nickel — 2017, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Australia	26.9%	—
Canada	25.1%	—
Russian Federation	18.6%	yes
Madagascar	13.2%	yes
Finland	8.6%	—
South Africa	2.2%	—
All other countries	5.5%

Gold — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Ghana	95.2%	yes
Canada	0.8%	—
Mexico	0.8%	yes
United States	0.6%	—
Uzbekistan	0.5%	—
Australia	0.4%	—
All other countries	1.7%

Tin — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
China	54.3%	—
Congo, Dem. Rep.	16.3%	yes
Indonesia	12.7%	yes
Australia	6.8%	—
Peru	3.2%	—
Bolivia	1.8%	—
All other countries	4.9%

Tantalum — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Australia	56.1%	—
Mozambique	16.8%	yes
Nigeria	7.1%	yes
Rwanda	6.6%	yes
Brazil	6.3%	yes
Congo, Dem. Rep.	4.8%	yes
All other countries	2.3%

Tungsten — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
China	68.1%	—
Bolivia	13.2%	—
Portugal	9.4%	—
Austria	2.3%	—
Korea, Dem. People's Rep.	1.8%	—
Spain	1.6%	—
All other countries	3.6%

Iron ore — 2017, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Australia	50.4%	—
China	27.1%	yes
Brazil	14.2%	yes
South Africa	3.1%	—
India	1.8%	yes
Iran, Islamic Rep.	1.5%	yes
All other countries	1.8%

Bauxite — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Turkiye	92.5%	yes
Guinea	4.1%	—
China	2.3%	—
Australia	0.9%	—
Jamaica	0.2%	yes
All other countries	0.1%

Rare earth elements — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
China	70.5%	—
Russian Federation	10.8%	yes
Myanmar	7.1%	yes
India	7.0%	yes
United States	2.6%	—
Australia	1.8%	—
All other countries	0.2%

Silver — 2023, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Mexico	29.7%	yes
Poland	11.4%	—
Argentina	7.5%	—
Peru	7.3%	yes
China	7.2%	yes
Bolivia	6.6%	yes
All other countries	30.3%

Zinc — 2019, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
United States	37.3%	yes
Peru	15.0%	yes
Canada	13.9%	—
Mexico	12.5%	yes
Australia	7.7%	—
Bolivia	5.0%	—
All other countries	8.6%

Phosphate rock — 2021, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
India	90.3%	yes
United States	7.9%	—
Brazil	1.7%	yes
All other countries	0.0%

Manganese — 2020, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
South Africa	35.5%	yes
Australia	20.7%	—
Gabon	16.8%	—
China	10.8%	—
Brazil	5.9%	yes
Ghana	3.8%	—
All other countries	6.4%

Natural graphite — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
China	72.2%	—
Madagascar	8.7%	—
Mozambique	7.4%	yes
Brazil	6.6%	yes
Norway	2.2%	—
Canada	1.6%	—
All other countries	1.4%

Salt — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Egypt, Arab Rep.	48.3%	—
India	35.7%	yes
Brazil	3.7%	yes
France	3.1%	yes
Turkiye	2.4%	yes
Germany	1.5%	yes
All other countries	5.3%

Silica sand — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
France	39.3%	yes
Spain	18.0%	—
Netherlands	12.0%	—
Turkiye	7.8%	yes
Germany	6.2%	yes
China	5.1%	—
All other countries	11.7%

Natural diamonds (rough) — 2018, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Russian Federation	26.6%	yes
Australia	23.0%	yes
Canada	15.1%	—
Botswana	13.1%	—
South Africa	11.1%	yes
Angola	3.7%	yes
All other countries	7.4%

Wheat — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Lithuania	42.1%	—
Poland	36.2%	—
Latvia	16.8%	—
United Kingdom	1.3%	—
Slovak Republic	1.0%	—
Czechia	0.8%	—
All other countries	1.8%

Milk — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Benin (at home)	93.0%	yes
Netherlands	1.7%	—
New Zealand	1.5%	—
Poland	0.9%	—
France	0.8%	yes
Germany	0.4%	yes
All other countries	1.8%

Natural rubber — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Cote d'Ivoire	35.6%	—
Indonesia	26.0%	yes
Thailand	25.4%	yes
Viet Nam	3.6%	—
Cameroon	2.1%	yes
China	1.6%	—
All other countries	5.7%

Maize — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Benin (at home)	99.6%	yes
South Africa	0.1%	yes
Argentina	0.1%	yes
All other countries	0.1%

Rice — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
India	49.1%	yes
Benin (at home)	28.5%	yes
Thailand	13.3%	yes
Pakistan	6.7%	yes
Viet Nam	0.7%	—
China	0.4%	—
All other countries	1.3%

Soybeans — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Benin (at home)	100.0%	yes
All other countries	0.0%

Sugar — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Brazil	81.0%	yes
Benin (at home)	4.5%	yes
France	3.5%	yes
Ukraine	2.5%	yes
Germany	1.9%	yes
Mauritius	1.4%	—
All other countries	5.3%

Coffee — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Brazil	39.5%	yes
Benin (at home)	15.9%	yes
Colombia	7.2%	yes
Togo	5.2%	yes
Ethiopia	4.6%	yes
Viet Nam	4.5%	—
All other countries	23.1%

Cocoa — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Togo	99.5%	yes
Ghana	0.3%	yes
Cote d'Ivoire	0.2%	—
All other countries	0.0%

Palm oil — 2023, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Benin (at home)	33.7%	yes
Indonesia	31.3%	yes
Malaysia	30.7%	—
Cote d'Ivoire	3.5%	—
Ghana	0.2%	yes
Thailand	0.2%	yes
All other countries	0.3%

Cotton — 2018, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Benin (at home)	100.0%	—
All other countries	0.0%

Livestock — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Benin (at home)	79.5%	yes
Brazil	2.8%	yes
Spain	2.8%	—
United States	2.3%	—
Poland	2.0%	—
Germany	1.9%	yes
All other countries	8.8%

Timber — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Benin (at home)	99.9%	yes
All other countries	0.1%

Tobacco (unmanufactured) — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Benin (at home)	98.6%	yes
Brazil	0.4%	yes
Nigeria	0.2%	yes
India	0.1%	yes
Uganda	0.1%	yes
All other countries	0.5%

Wood charcoal — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Benin (at home)	97.8%	yes
Nigeria	2.1%	yes
All other countries	0.1%

“War recorded” marks a source country where war deaths were recorded in the same year. It is a fact about that country, not a claim that this material caused them.

Where what it produces is consumed

For each material this country produces, how much of it is used in each country, including at home.

Crude petroleum — 1998, by value
Consumed in	Share
Benin (at home)	55.3%
All other countries	44.7%

Milk — 2024, by value
Consumed in	Share
Benin (at home)	100.0%
All other countries	0.0%

Maize — 2024, by value
Consumed in	Share
Benin (at home)	100.0%
All other countries	0.0%

Rice — 2024, by value
Consumed in	Share
Benin (at home)	99.2%
All other countries	0.8%

Soybeans — 2024, by value
Consumed in	Share
Pakistan	34.8%
China	27.0%
Benin (at home)	22.5%
India	14.7%
Singapore	0.2%
Belgium	0.1%
All other countries	0.6%

Sugar — 2024, by value
Consumed in	Share
Benin (at home)	99.6%
All other countries	0.4%

Coffee — 2024, by value
Consumed in	Share
Benin (at home)	100.0%
All other countries	0.0%

Cocoa — 2010, by value
Consumed in	Share
Benin (at home)	100.0%
All other countries	0.0%

Palm oil — 2023, by value
Consumed in	Share
Benin (at home)	98.7%
All other countries	1.3%

Cotton — 2024, by value
Consumed in	Share
Bangladesh	95.0%
Egypt, Arab Rep.	1.4%
Viet Nam	0.8%
Portugal	0.2%
Germany	0.2%
Morocco	0.1%
All other countries	2.4%

Livestock — 2024, by value
Consumed in	Share
Benin (at home)	99.9%
Togo	0.1%
All other countries	0.0%

Timber — 2024, by value
Consumed in	Share
India	55.2%
Benin (at home)	41.3%
All other countries	3.5%

Tobacco (unmanufactured) — 2024, by value
Consumed in	Share
Benin (at home)	100.0%
All other countries	0.0%

Wood charcoal — 2024, by value
Consumed in	Share
Benin (at home)	92.9%
Germany	0.8%
Sweden	0.6%
Norway	0.5%
France	0.3%
Poland	0.3%
All other countries	4.5%

The number this page does not show

The harm these supply chains carry is calculated, and not shown.

The model passes the harm counted where a material is produced on to the countries that use it. That is a count of people from a recorded calculation, with no range yet, and nothing of that kind is published before the model passes its test on past years. What this page can show without it is the structure: who produces, who uses, and where harm is recorded along the way.

Sources

Sources
Version of the data	Downloaded	File fingerprint
ucdp · ged-v26.1	2026-09-10	`8c941d84954e555e…`
ilostat · fatal-20261006	2026-10-06	`700fa580091e41e7…`
eia · intl-20261003	2026-10-06	`9251a5920ebe7044…`
faostat · qcl-20251231	2026-09-29	`c5835418c18f9322…`
faostat · fo-20260109	2026-09-29	`c2f7fc99651f620b…`
faostat · rl-20261002	2026-10-06	`39b739fbfb694971…`
aquastat · ds-20260713	2026-10-06	`3bca93e1d4430099…`
baci · HS92_V202601-20260130	2026-09-29	`43259580059fa83e…`

CEPII, BACI — Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level, CEPII Working Paper 2010-23. CEPII did not endorse these derived figures — HS92_V202601-20260130, retrieved 2026-09-29 from https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/data/BACI_HS92_V202601.zip. Licensed under Open Licence 2.0 (Licence Ouverte, Etalab) (https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf).
FAO. AQUASTAT, FAO's Global Information System on Water and Agriculture: municipal water withdrawal. Licence: CC-BY-4.0. FAO endorsement of these derived figures is neither stated nor implied — ds-20260713, retrieved 2026-10-06 from https://api.data.apps.fao.org/api/v2/bigquery. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data modified by HumanToll.
FAO. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, FAOSTAT. Licence: CC-BY-4.0. FAO endorsement of these derived figures is neither stated nor implied — fo-20260109, retrieved 2026-09-29 from https://bulks-faostat.fao.org/production/Forestry_E_All_Data_(Normalized).zip. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data modified by HumanToll.
FAO. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, FAOSTAT. Licence: CC-BY-4.0. FAO endorsement of these derived figures is neither stated nor implied — qcl-20251231, retrieved 2026-09-29 from https://bulks-faostat.fao.org/production/Production_Crops_Livestock_E_All_Data_(Normalized).zip. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data modified by HumanToll.
FAO. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, FAOSTAT. Licence: CC-BY-4.0. FAO endorsement of these derived figures is neither stated nor implied — rl-20261002, retrieved 2026-10-06 from https://bulks-faostat.fao.org/production/Inputs_LandUse_E_All_Data_(Normalized).zip. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data modified by HumanToll.
International Labour Organization, ILOSTAT. The ILO did not prepare, review or endorse these derived figures; responsibility for them rests solely with Quiescence — fatal-20261006, retrieved 2026-10-06 from https://sdmx.ilo.org/rest/data/ILO,DF_INJ_FATL_ECO_NB,1.0/all. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data modified by HumanToll.
Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, International Energy Statistics — intl-20261003, retrieved 2026-10-06 from https://www.eia.gov/opendata/bulk/INTL.zip. Used under U.S. Government work — public domain (EIA Copyrights and Reuse); see https://www.eia.gov/about/copyrights_reuse.php.
Uppsala Conflict Data Program (UCDP), Uppsala University — Davies, Pettersson and Oberg, "Organized violence 1989-2025, and violent political protests", Journal of Peace Research (2026), doi:10.1093/jopres/xjag046 — ged-v26.1, retrieved 2026-09-10 from https://ucdp.uu.se/downloads/ged/ged261-csv.zip. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data modified by HumanToll.

Sources →

Benin