Metals and minerals
Natural graphite
Where it comes from, what share of a sector’s output it is, and which conflicts the model routes through it.
This page shows production, shares and inputs. It shows no death toll per tonne. The shares below say what fraction of a sector’s output this material is and what fraction of a conflict’s harm the model routes to it; multiplying either by a count of people produces a result, and a result is not published until it has a run, an uncertainty interval and a confidence grade.
- Critical raw material — Regulation (EU) 2024/1252 (Critical Raw Materials Act), Annex II — the 34 critical raw materials. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1252/2024-05-03/eng
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Who produces it
The publisher’s own figures for 2025, across 18 countries. Nothing here has been attributed to anything.
| Country | Produced | Share | Figure |
|---|---|---|---|
| China CHN |
1,400,000 t | 79.9% | estimated |
| Madagascar MDG |
80,000 t | 4.6% | estimated |
| Tanzania TZA |
75,000 t | 4.3% | estimated |
| Brazil BRA |
65,000 t | 3.7% | estimated |
| Mozambique MOZ |
60,000 t | 3.4% | estimated |
| Russian Federation RUS |
25,000 t | 1.4% | estimated |
| India IND |
17,000 t | 1.0% | estimated |
| Canada CAN |
8,000 t | 0.5% | estimated |
| Korea, Dem. People's Rep. PRK |
8,000 t | 0.5% | estimated |
| Norway NOR |
6,600 t | 0.4% | estimated |
| Sri Lanka LKA |
3,200 t | 0.2% | estimated |
| Turkiye TUR |
2,200 t | 0.1% | estimated |
| Ukraine UKR |
800 t | 0.0% | estimated |
| Mexico MEX |
740 t | 0.0% | estimated |
| Korea, Rep. KOR |
500 t | 0.0% | estimated |
Production figures: FAO, FAOSTAT, CC BY 4.0. FAO endorsement of any derived figure is neither stated nor implied.
Harm per tonne and per euro
Harm per tonne and harm per euro are both computed. Neither is shown.
Harm per tonne of this material is defined for 2 years, 2024 to 2025: the years for which the model holds harm and world production of it has been ingested.
Both are counts of people divided by a quantity, from a run that has no uncertainty interval and no backtest yet, and nothing of that kind is published before session 21. What this page can say now is whether each is defined, and on what basis.
Which products use it
Semi-finished and finished products whose bills of materials reach this material, through every intermediate step, and how much of it one of them needs — losses included.
| Product | Needs |
|---|---|
| Lithium-ion battery pack
semi-finished product |
198 g for one kilogram of assembled lithium-ion battery pack |
| Lithium-ion cell
semi-finished product |
244 g for one kilogram of lithium-ion battery cells |
| Electric car
finished product |
62.1 kg for one midsize battery-electric car of 1,769 kg |
Quantities, not harm: how much of the material the product’s chain requires. What that carries is not shown.
Sources
| Release | Retrieved | Checksum |
|---|---|---|
| usgs_mcs · MCS2026-20260206 | 2026-09-29 | 582a0aa231aea53d… |
U.S. Geological Survey, National Minerals Information Center, Mineral Commodity Summaries data release — MCS2026-20260206, retrieved 2026-09-29 from https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/69837e43b66b01367d7ec7c7?f=__disk__d3%2Fac%2F84%2Fd3ac8466552946c5e8caa2c2c6338d9e1aff655d. Licensed under Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal (public domain dedication) (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/).