Semi-finished product · Glass, plastics, cement, wood and paper
Glass
One kilogram of soda-lime glass
This page shows what the product is made of and where each figure comes from. It shows no death toll. The toll is computed from this bill of materials from session 19, and published only once it has an uncertainty interval and has passed a backtest.
Soda-lime glass — flat and container glass — at the midpoints of the composition the EU's glass reference document gives: 73% silica, 14% soda, 12.5% lime. The raw materials follow by chemistry: soda ash and limestone lose their carbon dioxide in the furnace. None of the three is in the materials register yet, and melting energy is not included. Display and cover glass in electronics is not this glass.
- Overall grade — low
- Status — draft
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What it is made of
Each line is one component of one kilogram of soda-lime glass: how much of it goes in, how much had to be produced for that, and where the figure comes from.
| Component | Quantity | Source |
|---|---|---|
|
Silica sand
ingredient |
730 g | European Commission JRC, Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for the Manuf…
· low
SiO2 at the 71–75% midpoint Registered as the material `silica_sand` on 2026-09-18 from USGS industrial sand and gravel. |
|
Soda ash (sodium carbonate) ingredient |
239 g | European Commission JRC, Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for the Manuf…
· low
140 g Na2O at the 12–16% midpoint × 105.99 / 61.98 (molar masses of Na2CO3 and Na2O) |
|
Limestone (calcium carbonate) ingredient |
223 g | European Commission JRC, Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for the Manuf…
· low
125 g CaO at the 10–15% midpoint × 100.09 / 56.08 (molar masses of CaCO3 and CaO) |
|
Other oxides ingredient |
5.00 g | European Commission JRC, Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for the Manuf…
· low
the balance of the midpoints |
Down to raw materials
The whole chain multiplied out — everything one kilogram of soda-lime glass needs, through every intermediate product, with every loss on the way included.
| Input | Per functional unit |
|---|---|
| Silica sand | 730 g |
| Limestone (calcium carbonate) (not in the register) | 223 g |
| Other oxides (not in the register) | 5.00 g |
| Soda ash (sodium carbonate) (not in the register) | 239 g |
An input marked “not in the register” is counted by mass and reaches no supply chain yet. Industries appear as the euros or tonne-kilometres the bill of materials gives them.
How much of it is explicit
100% of this product’s mass is explicit in its own bill of materials.
Its whole chain draws on 1.20 kg of materials, losses included. 61% of that is registered raw materials — the part the model can trace harm to — 39% is inputs not yet in the register, and 0% is a declared remainder.
In the input–output model it belongs to “Manufacture of other non-metallic mineral products” (FIGARO industry C23).
In the input–output model it belongs to “Manufacture of other non-metallic mineral products” (FIGARO industry C23).
What uses it
Products whose own bill of materials includes this one.
- Electric car — 32.3 kg in one midsize battery-electric car of 1,769 kg
- Petrol car — 32.6 kg in one midsize petrol car of 1,385 kg
The number this page does not show
The harm in this chain is not shown.
The model allocates the harm counted where each raw material is produced to the products that use it. That number is a count of people with a run behind it and no uncertainty interval yet, and nothing of that kind is published before the backtest of session 21. What this page can show without it is the structure: what the product is made of, and where each part of that knowledge comes from.