Harm counted here, in the products the model covers

Each product whose supply chain counts deaths in Ghana, with its deaths per item and the part of that figure counted here — the other side of the story: harm suffered here, in things mostly bought elsewhere.

Scenario Economic-embedded, using FIGARO 2023.

Harm counted here, in the products the model covers
Product	Deaths per item
Cocoa butter Part from here: 0.79%	4.1 × 10⁻⁸ per item(0.16–1.1 × 10⁻⁷)LOWS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r
Cocoa mass Part from here: 0.79%	4.1 × 10⁻⁸ per item(0.16–1.0 × 10⁻⁷)LOWS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r
Chocolate bar Part from here: 0.70%	2.5 × 10⁻⁹ per item(1.2–5.8 × 10⁻⁹)LOWS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r
Printed circuit board assembly Part from here: <0.1%	1.6 × 10⁻⁶ per item(0.60–3.4 × 10⁻⁶)LOWS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r
Smartphone Part from here: <0.1%	3.0 × 10⁻⁸ per item(1.2–6.3 × 10⁻⁸)LOWS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r
Diamond ring Part from here: <0.1%	9.2 × 10⁻⁶ per item(0.44–2.0 × 10⁻⁵)LOWS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r
Laptop Part from here: <0.1%	5.4 × 10⁻⁷ per item(0.21–1.2 × 10⁻⁶)LOWS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r
Bag of charcoal Part from here: <0.1%	1.5 × 10⁻⁷ per item(0.61–3.5 × 10⁻⁷)LOWS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r
Pack of cigarettes Part from here: <0.1%	3.6 × 10⁻¹⁰ per item(1.4–8.8 × 10⁻¹⁰)LOWS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r
Cotton fabric Part from here: <0.1%	3.9 × 10⁻⁸ per item(1.5–9.5 × 10⁻⁸)LOWS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r
Cotton T-shirt Part from here: <0.1%	6.4 × 10⁻⁹ per item(0.25–1.6 × 10⁻⁸)LOWS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r
Cotton yarn Part from here: <0.1%	3.8 × 10⁻⁸ per item(1.5–9.3 × 10⁻⁸)LOWS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r
Denim fabric Part from here: <0.1%	3.8 × 10⁻⁸ per item(1.5–9.8 × 10⁻⁸)LOWS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r
Jeans Part from here: <0.1%	3.2 × 10⁻⁸ per item(1.2–8.0 × 10⁻⁸)LOWS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r
NMC cathode powder Part from here: <0.1%	1.4 × 10⁻⁷ per item(0.71–3.2 × 10⁻⁷)LOWS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r
Lithium-ion cell Part from here: <0.1%	8.4 × 10⁻⁸ per item(0.50–1.7 × 10⁻⁷)LOWS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r
Lithium-ion battery pack Part from here: <0.1%	6.9 × 10⁻⁸ per item(0.36–1.4 × 10⁻⁷)LOWS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r
Electric car Part from here: <0.1%	3.0 × 10⁻⁵ per item(1.8–5.5 × 10⁻⁵)LOWS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r
Refined sugar Part from here: <0.1%	6.1 × 10⁻⁹ per item(0.24–1.5 × 10⁻⁸)LOWS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r
Coffee, one cup Part from here: <0.1%	4.7 × 10⁻¹⁰ per item(0.19–1.2 × 10⁻⁹)LOWS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r
Roasted coffee Part from here: <0.1%	6.7 × 10⁻⁸ per item(0.27–1.7 × 10⁻⁷)LOWS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r
Butter Part from here: <0.1%	3.2 × 10⁻⁷ per item(1.3–7.2 × 10⁻⁷)LOWS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r
Croissant Part from here: <0.1%	0.42–2.4 × 10⁻⁸ per itemINDICATIVES-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r

The figure is the product’s own, with its range. The share beside it is a middle estimate only: the calculation stores a range for each figure, not for each part of one.

Recorded here

Deaths recorded for this country, as their publishers counted them: war deaths from the Uppsala Conflict Data Program (UCDP), and deaths at work reported to the International Labour Organization. Both are records, and both are floors, not estimates of the whole. A war death is recorded where it happened, whoever died.

Recorded here
Kind of harm	Years	Deaths recorded	Latest year
War deaths (UCDP)	1991–2025	2,593	98 (2025)

What it produces

The latest year on record for each material, and this country’s share of the production on record for that year. That is not always a share of the world total: when a publisher lumps small producers together as “other countries”, that group is not a country and is not loaded.

What it produces
Material	Produced	Share of recorded production	Quality
Crude petroleum (2025)	6,561,169 t	0.2%	gap filled
Natural gas (2024)	3,416,001,680 m3	0.1%	reported
Gold (2025)	150 t	6.7%	estimated
Manganese (2025)	2,000,000 t	10.6%	estimated
Natural diamonds (rough) (2025)	0 t	0.3%	estimated
Milk (2024)	51,478 t	0.0%	estimated
Natural rubber (2024)	136,500 t	0.9%	gap filled
Maize (2024)	3,794,000 t	0.3%	gap filled
Rice (2024)	1,721,200 t	0.2%	estimated
Soybeans (2024)	270,000 t	0.1%	external
Sugar (2024)	156,723 t	0.0%	gap filled
Coffee (2024)	736 t	0.0%	estimated
Cocoa (2024)	530,000 t	10.1%	gap filled
Palm oil (2023)	300,000 t	0.4%	external
Cotton (2024)	27,890 t	0.0%	external
Livestock (2024)	204,320 t	0.1%	gap filled
Timber (2024)	2,733,040 m3	0.1%	reported
Tobacco (unmanufactured) (2024)	2,560 t	0.0%	estimated
Wood charcoal (2024)	2,389,913 t	4.1%	estimated
Agricultural land (2024)	12,603,000 ha	0.3%	reported
Forest (2025)	7,056,360 ha	0.2%	external
Fresh water (2023)	299,600,000 m3	0.1%	gap filled

Where what it consumes is produced

For each material, how much of what this country uses was produced in each country. It is traced through trade, so a country that only passes a material on is not counted as its source: it hands on the mix it imported. The largest sources are listed and the rest added together.

Crude petroleum — 2015, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Ghana (at home)	71.8%	—
Azerbaijan	14.0%	yes
Nigeria	5.8%	yes
Kazakhstan	3.9%	—
Iraq	1.5%	yes
Saudi Arabia	0.7%	yes
All other countries	2.2%

Natural gas — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Ghana (at home)	93.2%	yes
United States	6.2%	—
Nigeria	0.2%	yes
Canada	0.1%	—
All other countries	0.2%

Coal and lignite — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
United States	97.2%	—
South Africa	1.0%	yes
India	0.7%	yes
Colombia	0.5%	yes
Canada	0.3%	—
All other countries	0.3%

Cobalt — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Congo, Dem. Rep.	50.5%	yes
Madagascar	12.7%	—
Canada	11.8%	—
Australia	11.6%	—
Turkiye	5.4%	yes
Indonesia	3.5%	yes
All other countries	4.5%

Copper — 2021, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Congo, Dem. Rep.	55.9%	yes
Kazakhstan	15.4%	—
Zambia	9.6%	—
Chile	6.4%	—
Russian Federation	6.2%	yes
Poland	2.0%	—
All other countries	4.5%

Lithium — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Australia	30.4%	—
Chile	28.5%	—
China	23.2%	—
Argentina	6.2%	yes
Zimbabwe	6.1%	—
Brazil	4.9%	yes
All other countries	0.7%

Nickel — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Russian Federation	42.4%	yes
Australia	28.7%	—
Canada	19.1%	—
Indonesia	3.5%	yes
Brazil	2.3%	yes
China	1.4%	—
All other countries	2.5%

Gold — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Ghana (at home)	99.9%	yes
All other countries	0.1%

Tin — 2023, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Indonesia	88.6%	yes
Lao PDR	4.4%	—
Malaysia	1.4%	—
Myanmar	1.3%	yes
Australia	1.0%	—
Nigeria	0.9%	yes
All other countries	2.5%

Tantalum — 2023, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Nigeria	37.4%	yes
Rwanda	32.8%	—
China	8.7%	yes
Congo, Dem. Rep.	7.9%	yes
Brazil	5.5%	yes
Mozambique	3.8%	yes
All other countries	3.9%

Tungsten — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
China	66.1%	—
Bolivia	13.4%	—
Portugal	8.3%	—
Austria	4.2%	—
Spain	2.5%	—
Korea, Dem. People's Rep.	1.8%	—
All other countries	3.7%

Iron ore — 2022, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
India	82.2%	yes
Brazil	4.5%	yes
South Africa	4.3%	yes
Australia	3.9%	—
Sweden	1.6%	—
China	1.4%	—
All other countries	2.2%

Rare earth elements — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
China	54.5%	—
India	34.4%	yes
Myanmar	5.5%	yes
United States	2.4%	—
Australia	1.8%	—
Russian Federation	1.2%	yes
All other countries	0.4%

Zinc — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Peru	25.7%	—
Mexico	14.3%	yes
Bolivia	13.2%	—
Australia	12.9%	—
Sweden	11.1%	—
India	8.0%	yes
All other countries	14.8%

Phosphate rock — 2023, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
India	100.0%	yes
All other countries	0.0%

Manganese — 2018, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Ghana (at home)	100.0%	—
All other countries	0.0%

Natural graphite — 2023, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
India	37.7%	yes
China	33.4%	yes
Madagascar	13.6%	—
Mozambique	9.4%	yes
Brazil	3.0%	yes
Norway	0.8%	—
All other countries	2.2%

Salt — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Egypt, Arab Rep.	62.3%	—
Turkiye	14.7%	yes
India	11.0%	yes
Spain	5.7%	—
Germany	2.4%	yes
Netherlands	1.9%	—
All other countries	2.1%

Silica sand — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
China	51.4%	—
Netherlands	10.4%	—
India	9.8%	yes
France	8.8%	yes
Spain	6.4%	—
United States	3.0%	—
All other countries	10.3%

Natural diamonds (rough) — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Ghana (at home)	99.6%	yes
All other countries	0.4%

Wheat — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Canada	73.7%	—
Poland	9.8%	—
Lithuania	8.5%	—
Latvia	3.2%	—
Estonia	2.0%	—
Romania	1.4%	—
All other countries	1.2%

Milk — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Ghana (at home)	34.1%	yes
Germany	11.0%	yes
Belgium	10.5%	—
Netherlands	9.4%	—
New Zealand	9.4%	—
France	6.2%	yes
All other countries	19.4%

Natural rubber — 2000, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Ghana (at home)	99.1%	yes
Thailand	0.3%	yes
Malaysia	0.2%	—
Indonesia	0.2%	yes
All other countries	0.1%

Maize — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Ghana (at home)	96.8%	yes
Argentina	1.6%	yes
Brazil	1.0%	yes
South Africa	0.3%	yes
All other countries	0.2%

Rice — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Ghana (at home)	86.0%	yes
India	6.1%	yes
Thailand	4.8%	yes
China	1.9%	—
Pakistan	1.1%	yes
All other countries	0.1%

Soybeans — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Ghana (at home)	99.6%	yes
Burkina Faso	0.4%	yes
All other countries	0.0%

Sugar — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Brazil	73.3%	yes
Poland	6.7%	—
France	6.3%	yes
Ghana (at home)	2.9%	yes
Netherlands	2.7%	—
Germany	1.7%	yes
All other countries	6.4%

Coffee — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Ghana (at home)	68.7%	yes
Brazil	14.9%	yes
Colombia	3.1%	yes
Uganda	2.4%	yes
India	2.0%	yes
Viet Nam	1.4%	—
All other countries	7.4%

Cocoa — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Ghana (at home)	98.2%	yes
Nigeria	1.3%	yes
Cote d'Ivoire	0.3%	—
All other countries	0.1%

Palm oil — 2023, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Ghana (at home)	66.7%	yes
Malaysia	13.1%	—
Indonesia	8.1%	yes
Cote d'Ivoire	5.6%	—
Colombia	4.1%	yes
Ecuador	0.8%	yes
All other countries	1.7%

Cotton — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Ghana (at home)	99.6%	yes
All other countries	0.4%

Livestock — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Ghana (at home)	64.7%	yes
Brazil	9.1%	yes
United States	6.3%	—
Poland	4.1%	—
Netherlands	3.7%	—
Paraguay	1.8%	—
All other countries	10.2%

Timber — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Ghana (at home)	98.9%	yes
Chile	0.7%	—
United States	0.3%	—
All other countries	0.1%

Tobacco (unmanufactured) — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Ghana (at home)	100.0%	yes
All other countries	0.0%

Wood charcoal — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Ghana (at home)	100.0%	yes
All other countries	0.0%

“War recorded” marks a source country where war deaths were recorded in the same year. It is a fact about that country, not a claim that this material caused them.

Where what it produces is consumed

For each material this country produces, how much of it is used in each country, including at home.

Crude petroleum — 2024, by value
Consumed in	Share
China	36.4%
United States	16.9%
South Africa	8.9%
Italy	8.1%
India	6.3%
Brazil	6.0%
All other countries	17.3%

Natural gas — 2024, by value
Consumed in	Share
Ghana (at home)	94.0%
Burkina Faso	3.5%
Senegal	1.6%
Togo	0.1%
Mali	0.1%
Benin	0.0%
All other countries	0.7%

Gold — 2024, by value
Consumed in	Share
Ghana (at home)	34.3%
India	25.3%
China	16.1%
Hong Kong SAR, China	4.0%
Turkiye	3.7%
United Kingdom	3.6%
All other countries	13.0%

Manganese — 2024, by value
Consumed in	Share
China	73.8%
Korea, Rep.	3.6%
United States	2.9%
Russian Federation	2.5%
Ukraine	2.5%
India	2.4%
All other countries	12.4%

Natural diamonds (rough) — 2024, by value
Consumed in	Share
Ghana (at home)	61.1%
United States	16.1%
Hong Kong SAR, China	11.8%
United Arab Emirates	3.0%
China	1.6%
Switzerland	0.9%
All other countries	5.4%

Milk — 2024, by value
Consumed in	Share
Ghana (at home)	98.8%
Angola	0.9%
All other countries	0.3%

Natural rubber — 2024, by value
Consumed in	Share
United States	16.8%
Malaysia	13.4%
China	12.5%
Spain	10.3%
India	4.6%
Italy	4.2%
All other countries	38.3%

Maize — 2024, by value
Consumed in	Share
Ghana (at home)	100.0%
All other countries	0.0%

Rice — 2024, by value
Consumed in	Share
Ghana (at home)	100.0%
All other countries	0.0%

Soybeans — 2024, by value
Consumed in	Share
Ghana (at home)	59.0%
Pakistan	19.4%
Canada	2.3%
Algeria	0.8%
Malaysia	0.3%
Belgium	0.1%
All other countries	18.2%

Sugar — 2024, by value
Consumed in	Share
Ghana (at home)	100.0%
All other countries	0.0%

Coffee — 2024, by value
Consumed in	Share
Ghana (at home)	36.8%
Morocco	9.5%
Bulgaria	3.7%
Senegal	0.2%
All other countries	49.8%

Cocoa — 2024, by value
Consumed in	Share
Ghana (at home)	24.1%
Netherlands	9.3%
France	9.2%
Japan	7.6%
Germany	6.9%
United States	6.0%
All other countries	36.9%

Palm oil — 2023, by value
Consumed in	Share
Ghana (at home)	86.3%
Nigeria	8.3%
Senegal	1.1%
Niger	0.6%
Togo	0.5%
Spain	0.4%
All other countries	2.8%

Cotton — 2024, by value
Consumed in	Share
Ghana (at home)	99.9%
Canada	0.1%
All other countries	0.0%

Livestock — 2024, by value
Consumed in	Share
Ghana (at home)	99.9%
All other countries	0.1%

Timber — 2024, by value
Consumed in	Share
Ghana (at home)	72.5%
India	12.3%
Niger	1.2%
Greece	0.7%
Belgium	0.5%
Estonia	0.4%
All other countries	12.5%

Tobacco (unmanufactured) — 2024, by value
Consumed in	Share
Ghana (at home)	100.0%
All other countries	0.0%

Wood charcoal — 2024, by value
Consumed in	Share
Ghana (at home)	99.9%
Turkiye	0.0%
Lebanon	0.0%
Syrian Arab Republic	0.0%
Turkmenistan	0.0%
All other countries	0.1%

The number this page does not show

The harm these supply chains carry is calculated, and not shown.

The model passes the harm counted where a material is produced on to the countries that use it. That is a count of people from a recorded calculation, with no range yet, and nothing of that kind is published before the model passes its test on past years. What this page can show without it is the structure: who produces, who uses, and where harm is recorded along the way.

Sources

Sources
Version of the data	Downloaded	File fingerprint
ucdp · ged-v26.1	2026-09-10	`8c941d84954e555e…`
eia · intl-20261003	2026-10-06	`9251a5920ebe7044…`
usgs_mcs · MCS2026-20260206	2026-09-29	`582a0aa231aea53d…`
faostat · qcl-20251231	2026-09-29	`c5835418c18f9322…`
faostat · fo-20260109	2026-09-29	`c2f7fc99651f620b…`
faostat · rl-20261002	2026-10-06	`39b739fbfb694971…`
aquastat · ds-20260713	2026-10-06	`3bca93e1d4430099…`
baci · HS92_V202601-20260130	2026-09-29	`43259580059fa83e…`

CEPII, BACI — Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level, CEPII Working Paper 2010-23. CEPII did not endorse these derived figures — HS92_V202601-20260130, retrieved 2026-09-29 from https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/data/BACI_HS92_V202601.zip. Licensed under Open Licence 2.0 (Licence Ouverte, Etalab) (https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf).
FAO. AQUASTAT, FAO's Global Information System on Water and Agriculture: municipal water withdrawal. Licence: CC-BY-4.0. FAO endorsement of these derived figures is neither stated nor implied — ds-20260713, retrieved 2026-10-06 from https://api.data.apps.fao.org/api/v2/bigquery. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data modified by HumanToll.
FAO. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, FAOSTAT. Licence: CC-BY-4.0. FAO endorsement of these derived figures is neither stated nor implied — fo-20260109, retrieved 2026-09-29 from https://bulks-faostat.fao.org/production/Forestry_E_All_Data_(Normalized).zip. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data modified by HumanToll.
FAO. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, FAOSTAT. Licence: CC-BY-4.0. FAO endorsement of these derived figures is neither stated nor implied — qcl-20251231, retrieved 2026-09-29 from https://bulks-faostat.fao.org/production/Production_Crops_Livestock_E_All_Data_(Normalized).zip. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data modified by HumanToll.
FAO. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, FAOSTAT. Licence: CC-BY-4.0. FAO endorsement of these derived figures is neither stated nor implied — rl-20261002, retrieved 2026-10-06 from https://bulks-faostat.fao.org/production/Inputs_LandUse_E_All_Data_(Normalized).zip. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data modified by HumanToll.
Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, International Energy Statistics — intl-20261003, retrieved 2026-10-06 from https://www.eia.gov/opendata/bulk/INTL.zip. Used under U.S. Government work — public domain (EIA Copyrights and Reuse); see https://www.eia.gov/about/copyrights_reuse.php.
U.S. Geological Survey, National Minerals Information Center, Mineral Commodity Summaries — MCS2026-20260206, retrieved 2026-09-29 from https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/69837e43b66b01367d7ec7c7?f=__disk__d3%2Fac%2F84%2Fd3ac8466552946c5e8caa2c2c6338d9e1aff655d. Licensed under Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal (public domain dedication) (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/).
Uppsala Conflict Data Program (UCDP), Uppsala University — Davies, Pettersson and Oberg, "Organized violence 1989-2025, and violent political protests", Journal of Peace Research (2026), doi:10.1093/jopres/xjag046 — ged-v26.1, retrieved 2026-09-10 from https://ucdp.uu.se/downloads/ged/ged261-csv.zip. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data modified by HumanToll.

Sources →

Ghana