Harm counted here, in the products the model covers

Each product whose supply chain counts deaths in Mali, with its deaths per item and the part of that figure counted here — the other side of the story: harm suffered here, in things mostly bought elsewhere.

Scenario Economic-embedded, using FIGARO 2023.

Harm counted here, in the products the model covers
Product	Deaths per item
Printed circuit board assembly Part from here: 11%	1.6 × 10⁻⁶ per item(0.60–3.4 × 10⁻⁶)LOWS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r
Smartphone Part from here: 11%	3.0 × 10⁻⁸ per item(1.2–6.3 × 10⁻⁸)LOWS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r
Laptop Part from here: 11%	5.4 × 10⁻⁷ per item(0.21–1.2 × 10⁻⁶)LOWS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r
Diamond ring Part from here: 11%	9.2 × 10⁻⁶ per item(0.44–2.0 × 10⁻⁵)LOWS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r
Cotton fabric Part from here: 9.4%	3.9 × 10⁻⁸ per item(1.5–9.5 × 10⁻⁸)LOWS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r
Cotton T-shirt Part from here: 9.4%	6.4 × 10⁻⁹ per item(0.25–1.6 × 10⁻⁸)LOWS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r
Cotton yarn Part from here: 9.4%	3.8 × 10⁻⁸ per item(1.5–9.3 × 10⁻⁸)LOWS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r
Denim fabric Part from here: 9.4%	3.8 × 10⁻⁸ per item(1.5–9.8 × 10⁻⁸)LOWS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r
Jeans Part from here: 9.4%	3.2 × 10⁻⁸ per item(1.2–8.0 × 10⁻⁸)LOWS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r
NMC cathode powder Part from here: 2.7%	1.4 × 10⁻⁷ per item(0.71–3.2 × 10⁻⁷)LOWS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r
Lithium-ion cell Part from here: 2.1%	8.4 × 10⁻⁸ per item(0.50–1.7 × 10⁻⁷)LOWS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r
Lithium-ion battery pack Part from here: 2.1%	6.9 × 10⁻⁸ per item(0.36–1.4 × 10⁻⁷)LOWS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r
Electric car Part from here: 1.5%	3.0 × 10⁻⁵ per item(1.8–5.5 × 10⁻⁵)LOWS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r
Pack of cigarettes Part from here: 1.3%	3.6 × 10⁻¹⁰ per item(1.4–8.8 × 10⁻¹⁰)LOWS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r
Butter Part from here: 1.2%	3.2 × 10⁻⁷ per item(1.3–7.2 × 10⁻⁷)LOWS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r
Croissant Part from here: 1.2%	0.42–2.4 × 10⁻⁸ per itemINDICATIVES-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r
Bag of charcoal Part from here: 0.80%	1.5 × 10⁻⁷ per item(0.61–3.5 × 10⁻⁷)LOWS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r
Refined sugar Part from here: 0.46%	6.1 × 10⁻⁹ per item(0.24–1.5 × 10⁻⁸)LOWS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r
Wheat flour Part from here: <0.1%	1.1 × 10⁻⁸ per item(0.44–2.6 × 10⁻⁸)LOWS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r
Chocolate bar Part from here: <0.1%	2.5 × 10⁻⁹ per item(1.2–5.8 × 10⁻⁹)LOWS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r

The figure is the product’s own, with its range. The share beside it is a middle estimate only: the calculation stores a range for each figure, not for each part of one.

Recorded here

Deaths recorded for this country, as their publishers counted them: war deaths from the Uppsala Conflict Data Program (UCDP), and deaths at work reported to the International Labour Organization. Both are records, and both are floors, not estimates of the whole. A war death is recorded where it happened, whoever died.

Recorded here
Kind of harm	Years	Deaths recorded	Latest year
War deaths (UCDP)	1990–2025	19,870	2,157 (2025)
Deaths at work (ILOSTAT, as reported)	1981–1989	21	7 (1989)

What it produces

The latest year on record for each material, and this country’s share of the production on record for that year. That is not always a share of the world total: when a publisher lumps small producers together as “other countries”, that group is not a country and is not loaded.

What it produces
Material	Produced	Share of recorded production	Quality
Lithium (2025)	9,400 t	3.3%	estimated
Gold (2023)	67 t	2.7%	estimated
Wheat (2024)	40,788 t	0.0%	reported
Milk (2024)	1,122,116 t	0.1%	reported
Maize (2024)	3,952,763 t	0.3%	reported
Rice (2024)	2,756,344 t	0.3%	reported
Soybeans (2024)	22,814 t	0.0%	reported
Sugar (2024)	593,773 t	0.0%	reported
Cotton (2024)	640,000 t	0.9%	reported
Livestock (2024)	142,522 t	0.0%	reported
Timber (2024)	553,580 m3	0.0%	estimated
Tobacco (unmanufactured) (2024)	1,710 t	0.0%	gap filled
Wood charcoal (2024)	201,701 t	0.3%	estimated
Agricultural land (2024)	41,675,140 ha	0.9%	gap filled
Forest (2025)	10,479,250 ha	0.3%	external
Fresh water (2023)	107,000,000 m3	0.0%	gap filled

Where what it consumes is produced

For each material, how much of what this country uses was produced in each country. It is traced through trade, so a country that only passes a material on is not counted as its source: it hands on the mix it imported. The largest sources are listed and the rest added together.

Crude petroleum — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Senegal	56.8%	—
Nigeria	22.4%	yes
United States	14.6%	—
Canada	3.7%	—
Mexico	0.5%	yes
Saudi Arabia	0.4%	—
All other countries	1.7%

Natural gas — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Cote d'Ivoire	60.6%	—
United States	28.8%	—
Algeria	3.2%	yes
Ghana	1.6%	yes
Norway	1.3%	—
Senegal	1.0%	—
All other countries	3.5%

Coal and lignite — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Australia	27.0%	—
Colombia	20.4%	yes
China	20.1%	—
Turkiye	10.5%	yes
United States	10.3%	—
Russian Federation	4.3%	yes
All other countries	7.4%

Cobalt — 2023, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Congo, Dem. Rep.	57.9%	yes
Canada	14.5%	—
Madagascar	13.7%	—
Australia	4.6%	—
Turkiye	4.0%	yes
Russian Federation	4.0%	yes
All other countries	1.3%

Copper — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Chile	33.2%	—
Peru	30.0%	—
Congo, Dem. Rep.	13.3%	yes
Indonesia	8.2%	yes
Poland	5.9%	—
Kazakhstan	2.0%	—
All other countries	7.4%

Lithium — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Mali (at home)	99.8%	yes
All other countries	0.2%

Nickel — 2023, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Australia	44.9%	—
Russian Federation	29.4%	yes
Canada	18.8%	—
Brazil	3.4%	yes
United States	2.0%	—
China	0.5%	yes
All other countries	0.9%

Tin — 2021, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Peru	40.0%	yes
Indonesia	21.2%	yes
Bolivia	15.7%	yes
Brazil	10.1%	yes
China	4.7%	—
Malaysia	2.0%	—
All other countries	6.2%

Tantalum — 2021, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Rwanda	45.4%	yes
Congo, Dem. Rep.	14.5%	yes
Russian Federation	14.0%	yes
Brazil	7.3%	yes
Australia	5.7%	—
Nigeria	4.6%	yes
All other countries	8.5%

Tungsten — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
China	76.6%	—
Bolivia	7.8%	—
Austria	4.6%	—
Portugal	2.9%	—
Spain	2.8%	—
Korea, Dem. People's Rep.	2.1%	—
All other countries	3.2%

Iron ore — 2019, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Australia	51.1%	—
China	25.6%	—
Brazil	13.3%	yes
South Africa	2.9%	yes
India	1.8%	yes
Iran, Islamic Rep.	1.1%	yes
All other countries	4.2%

Bauxite — 2023, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
China	60.2%	yes
Guinea	30.9%	—
Australia	7.0%	—
Turkiye	1.0%	yes
Indonesia	0.5%	yes
Brazil	0.3%	yes
All other countries	0.0%

Rare earth elements — 2023, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
China	82.3%	yes
Myanmar	13.9%	yes
United States	1.7%	—
Australia	1.5%	—
India	0.2%	yes
Thailand	0.1%	yes
All other countries	0.3%

Silver — 2023, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Russian Federation	23.8%	yes
Mexico	17.1%	yes
China	12.2%	yes
Kazakhstan	9.8%	—
Peru	8.0%	yes
Poland	6.2%	—
All other countries	22.9%

Zinc — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
China	64.8%	—
Australia	10.1%	—
Peru	8.3%	—
Kazakhstan	4.3%	—
Mexico	3.1%	yes
Bolivia	2.8%	—
All other countries	6.6%

Phosphate rock — 2023, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Brazil	72.1%	yes
Tanzania	27.9%	—
All other countries	0.0%

Manganese — 2019, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
South Africa	25.6%	yes
Gabon	22.1%	—
Ghana	12.6%	—
Ukraine	11.3%	yes
Australia	10.0%	—
Brazil	7.7%	yes
All other countries	10.5%

Natural graphite — 2023, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
India	44.3%	yes
China	25.6%	yes
Madagascar	15.7%	—
Mozambique	8.7%	yes
Turkiye	2.1%	yes
Brazil	1.6%	yes
All other countries	2.1%

Salt — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
France	25.7%	yes
Turkiye	21.6%	yes
Germany	18.5%	yes
Spain	10.5%	—
Egypt, Arab Rep.	9.9%	—
Netherlands	5.5%	—
All other countries	8.3%

Silica sand — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
France	37.1%	yes
Netherlands	15.9%	—
Spain	12.6%	—
United States	11.3%	—
Germany	5.7%	yes
India	5.6%	yes
All other countries	11.9%

Natural diamonds (rough) — 2021, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Russian Federation	32.3%	yes
Botswana	20.6%	—
South Africa	17.9%	yes
Canada	14.9%	—
Angola	6.6%	yes
Congo, Dem. Rep.	2.6%	yes
All other countries	5.0%

Wheat — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
France	44.5%	yes
Poland	19.4%	—
Mali (at home)	13.3%	yes
Lithuania	7.8%	—
Latvia	4.7%	—
Estonia	4.5%	—
All other countries	5.8%

Milk — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Mali (at home)	98.0%	yes
France	0.6%	yes
Netherlands	0.5%	—
Germany	0.2%	yes
New Zealand	0.1%	—
All other countries	0.6%

Natural rubber — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Cote d'Ivoire	100.0%	—
All other countries	0.0%

Maize — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Mali (at home)	99.8%	yes
Cote d'Ivoire	0.1%	—
All other countries	0.1%

Rice — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Mali (at home)	95.7%	yes
Senegal	1.8%	—
India	1.2%	yes
Thailand	0.4%	yes
Pakistan	0.2%	yes
Brazil	0.2%	yes
All other countries	0.5%

Soybeans — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Mali (at home)	100.0%	yes
All other countries	0.0%

Sugar — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Mali (at home)	74.4%	yes
Brazil	11.8%	yes
France	6.5%	yes
Ukraine	2.5%	yes
Poland	2.2%	—
Czechia	0.6%	—
All other countries	2.0%

Coffee — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Togo	67.1%	yes
Brazil	18.1%	yes
Colombia	2.8%	yes
Ethiopia	1.6%	yes
Viet Nam	1.6%	—
Uganda	1.5%	yes
All other countries	7.2%

Cocoa — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Cote d'Ivoire	57.3%	—
Ghana	42.1%	yes
Nigeria	0.6%	yes
All other countries	0.1%

Palm oil — 2023, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Cote d'Ivoire	92.3%	—
Indonesia	3.4%	yes
Malaysia	2.1%	—
Liberia	1.6%	—
Ghana	0.3%	yes
Sierra Leone	0.1%	—
All other countries	0.1%

Cotton — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Mali (at home)	100.0%	yes
All other countries	0.0%

Livestock — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Mali (at home)	99.0%	yes
France	0.3%	yes
Belgium	0.3%	—
Netherlands	0.1%	—
All other countries	0.3%

Timber — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Mali (at home)	98.8%	yes
Cote d'Ivoire	1.2%	—
All other countries	0.0%

Tobacco (unmanufactured) — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Mali (at home)	100.0%	yes
All other countries	0.0%

Wood charcoal — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Mali (at home)	100.0%	yes
All other countries	0.0%

“War recorded” marks a source country where war deaths were recorded in the same year. It is a fact about that country, not a claim that this material caused them.

Where what it produces is consumed

For each material this country produces, how much of it is used in each country, including at home.

Lithium — 2024, by value
Consumed in	Share
Mali (at home)	98.8%
Burkina Faso	0.9%
Mauritania	0.2%
Niger	0.0%
All other countries	0.0%

Gold — 2023, by value
Consumed in	Share
United Arab Emirates	25.9%
China	23.9%
India	16.3%
Hong Kong SAR, China	10.9%
Turkiye	9.1%
Saudi Arabia	3.0%
All other countries	11.0%

Wheat — 2024, by value
Consumed in	Share
Mali (at home)	99.6%
All other countries	0.4%

Milk — 2024, by value
Consumed in	Share
Mali (at home)	100.0%
All other countries	0.0%

Maize — 2024, by value
Consumed in	Share
Mali (at home)	100.0%
Mauritania	0.0%
All other countries	0.0%

Rice — 2024, by value
Consumed in	Share
Mali (at home)	100.0%
All other countries	0.0%

Soybeans — 2024, by value
Consumed in	Share
Mali (at home)	95.8%
All other countries	4.2%

Sugar — 2024, by value
Consumed in	Share
Mali (at home)	100.0%
All other countries	0.0%

Cotton — 2024, by value
Consumed in	Share
Mali (at home)	49.9%
India	39.4%
Bangladesh	3.1%
Bahrain	2.0%
Turkiye	1.3%
Indonesia	0.4%
All other countries	3.8%

Livestock — 2024, by value
Consumed in	Share
Mali (at home)	100.0%
All other countries	0.0%

Timber — 2024, by value
Consumed in	Share
Mali (at home)	100.0%
All other countries	0.0%

Tobacco (unmanufactured) — 2024, by value
Consumed in	Share
Mali (at home)	99.9%
All other countries	0.1%

Wood charcoal — 2024, by value
Consumed in	Share
Mali (at home)	100.0%
All other countries	0.0%

The number this page does not show

The harm these supply chains carry is calculated, and not shown.

The model passes the harm counted where a material is produced on to the countries that use it. That is a count of people from a recorded calculation, with no range yet, and nothing of that kind is published before the model passes its test on past years. What this page can show without it is the structure: who produces, who uses, and where harm is recorded along the way.

Sources

Sources
Version of the data	Downloaded	File fingerprint
ucdp · ged-v26.1	2026-09-10	`8c941d84954e555e…`
ilostat · fatal-20261006	2026-10-06	`700fa580091e41e7…`
usgs_mcs · MCS2026-20260206	2026-09-29	`582a0aa231aea53d…`
usgs_mcs · MCS2025-PDF	2026-10-06	`4b3e4e00ed65365e…`
faostat · qcl-20251231	2026-09-29	`c5835418c18f9322…`
faostat · fo-20260109	2026-09-29	`c2f7fc99651f620b…`
faostat · rl-20261002	2026-10-06	`39b739fbfb694971…`
aquastat · ds-20260713	2026-10-06	`3bca93e1d4430099…`
baci · HS92_V202601-20260130	2026-09-29	`43259580059fa83e…`

CEPII, BACI — Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level, CEPII Working Paper 2010-23. CEPII did not endorse these derived figures — HS92_V202601-20260130, retrieved 2026-09-29 from https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/data/BACI_HS92_V202601.zip. Licensed under Open Licence 2.0 (Licence Ouverte, Etalab) (https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf).
FAO. AQUASTAT, FAO's Global Information System on Water and Agriculture: municipal water withdrawal. Licence: CC-BY-4.0. FAO endorsement of these derived figures is neither stated nor implied — ds-20260713, retrieved 2026-10-06 from https://api.data.apps.fao.org/api/v2/bigquery. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data modified by HumanToll.
FAO. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, FAOSTAT. Licence: CC-BY-4.0. FAO endorsement of these derived figures is neither stated nor implied — fo-20260109, retrieved 2026-09-29 from https://bulks-faostat.fao.org/production/Forestry_E_All_Data_(Normalized).zip. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data modified by HumanToll.
FAO. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, FAOSTAT. Licence: CC-BY-4.0. FAO endorsement of these derived figures is neither stated nor implied — qcl-20251231, retrieved 2026-09-29 from https://bulks-faostat.fao.org/production/Production_Crops_Livestock_E_All_Data_(Normalized).zip. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data modified by HumanToll.
FAO. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, FAOSTAT. Licence: CC-BY-4.0. FAO endorsement of these derived figures is neither stated nor implied — rl-20261002, retrieved 2026-10-06 from https://bulks-faostat.fao.org/production/Inputs_LandUse_E_All_Data_(Normalized).zip. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data modified by HumanToll.
International Labour Organization, ILOSTAT. The ILO did not prepare, review or endorse these derived figures; responsibility for them rests solely with Quiescence — fatal-20261006, retrieved 2026-10-06 from https://sdmx.ilo.org/rest/data/ILO,DF_INJ_FATL_ECO_NB,1.0/all. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data modified by HumanToll.
U.S. Geological Survey, National Minerals Information Center, Mineral Commodity Summaries — MCS2025-PDF, retrieved 2026-10-06 from https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2025/mcs2025.pdf. Used under U.S. Government work — public domain (USGS Copyrights and Credits); see https://www.usgs.gov/information-policies-and-instructions/copyrights-and-credits.
U.S. Geological Survey, National Minerals Information Center, Mineral Commodity Summaries — MCS2026-20260206, retrieved 2026-09-29 from https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/69837e43b66b01367d7ec7c7?f=__disk__d3%2Fac%2F84%2Fd3ac8466552946c5e8caa2c2c6338d9e1aff655d. Licensed under Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal (public domain dedication) (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/).
Uppsala Conflict Data Program (UCDP), Uppsala University — Davies, Pettersson and Oberg, "Organized violence 1989-2025, and violent political protests", Journal of Peace Research (2026), doi:10.1093/jopres/xjag046 — ged-v26.1, retrieved 2026-09-10 from https://ucdp.uu.se/downloads/ged/ged261-csv.zip. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data modified by HumanToll.

Sources →

Mali