Harm counted here, in the products the model covers

Each product whose supply chain counts deaths in Ethiopia, with its deaths per item and the part of that figure counted here — the other side of the story: harm suffered here, in things mostly bought elsewhere.

Scenario Economic-embedded, using FIGARO 2023.

Harm counted here, in the products the model covers
Product	Deaths per item
Coffee, one cup Part from here: 36%	4.7 × 10⁻¹⁰ per item(0.19–1.2 × 10⁻⁹)LOWS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r
Roasted coffee Part from here: 36%	6.7 × 10⁻⁸ per item(0.27–1.7 × 10⁻⁷)LOWS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r
Bag of charcoal Part from here: 14%	1.5 × 10⁻⁷ per item(0.61–3.5 × 10⁻⁷)LOWS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r
Wheat flour Part from here: 4.2%	1.1 × 10⁻⁸ per item(0.44–2.6 × 10⁻⁸)LOWS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r
Croissant Part from here: 2.3%	0.42–2.4 × 10⁻⁸ per itemINDICATIVES-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r
Butter Part from here: 2.2%	3.2 × 10⁻⁷ per item(1.3–7.2 × 10⁻⁷)LOWS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r
Cotton fabric Part from here: 1.9%	3.9 × 10⁻⁸ per item(1.5–9.5 × 10⁻⁸)LOWS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r
Cotton T-shirt Part from here: 1.9%	6.4 × 10⁻⁹ per item(0.25–1.6 × 10⁻⁸)LOWS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r
Cotton yarn Part from here: 1.9%	3.8 × 10⁻⁸ per item(1.5–9.3 × 10⁻⁸)LOWS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r
Denim fabric Part from here: 1.9%	3.8 × 10⁻⁸ per item(1.5–9.8 × 10⁻⁸)LOWS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r
Jeans Part from here: 1.9%	3.2 × 10⁻⁸ per item(1.2–8.0 × 10⁻⁸)LOWS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r
Pack of cigarettes Part from here: 0.87%	3.6 × 10⁻¹⁰ per item(1.4–8.8 × 10⁻¹⁰)LOWS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r
Refined sugar Part from here: 0.42%	6.1 × 10⁻⁹ per item(0.24–1.5 × 10⁻⁸)LOWS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r
Chocolate bar Part from here: <0.1%	2.5 × 10⁻⁹ per item(1.2–5.8 × 10⁻⁹)LOWS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r
Passenger car tyre Part from here: <0.1%	5.2 × 10⁻¹⁰ per item(0.27–1.1 × 10⁻⁹)LOWS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r
Steel Part from here: <0.1%	3.1 × 10⁻⁹ per item(1.7–6.7 × 10⁻⁹)LOWS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r
Petrol car Part from here: <0.1%	9.5 × 10⁻⁶ per item(0.55–1.7 × 10⁻⁵)LOWS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r
Printed circuit board assembly Part from here: <0.1%	1.6 × 10⁻⁶ per item(0.60–3.4 × 10⁻⁶)LOWS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r
Smartphone Part from here: <0.1%	3.0 × 10⁻⁸ per item(1.2–6.3 × 10⁻⁸)LOWS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r
Laptop Part from here: <0.1%	5.4 × 10⁻⁷ per item(0.21–1.2 × 10⁻⁶)LOWS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r
Electric car Part from here: <0.1%	3.0 × 10⁻⁵ per item(1.8–5.5 × 10⁻⁵)LOWS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r
Lithium-ion battery pack Part from here: <0.1%	6.9 × 10⁻⁸ per item(0.36–1.4 × 10⁻⁷)LOWS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r

The figure is the product’s own, with its range. The share beside it is a middle estimate only: the calculation stores a range for each figure, not for each part of one.

Recorded here

Deaths recorded for this country, as their publishers counted them: war deaths from the Uppsala Conflict Data Program (UCDP), and deaths at work reported to the International Labour Organization. Both are records, and both are floors, not estimates of the whole. A war death is recorded where it happened, whoever died.

Recorded here
Kind of harm	Years	Deaths recorded	Latest year
War deaths (UCDP)	1989–2025	509,670	5,458 (2025)

What it produces

The latest year on record for each material, and this country’s share of the production on record for that year. That is not always a share of the world total: when a publisher lumps small producers together as “other countries”, that group is not a country and is not loaded.

What it produces
Material	Produced	Share of recorded production	Quality
Coal and lignite (2024)	1,073,389 t	0.0%	reported
Tantalum (2025)	40 t	1.6%	estimated
Wheat (2024)	6,185,341 t	0.8%	estimated
Milk (2024)	3,791,726 t	0.4%	estimated
Maize (2024)	11,701,131 t	1.0%	estimated
Rice (2024)	282,720 t	0.0%	estimated
Soybeans (2024)	240,000 t	0.1%	external
Sugar (2024)	997,296 t	0.0%	estimated
Coffee (2024)	575,696 t	5.2%	gap filled
Cotton (2024)	178,704 t	0.2%	gap filled
Livestock (2024)	777,857 t	0.2%	gap filled
Timber (2024)	3,550,000 m3	0.2%	estimated
Tobacco (unmanufactured) (2024)	2,176 t	0.0%	estimated
Wood charcoal (2024)	5,185,241 t	8.9%	estimated
Agricultural land (2024)	38,456,930 ha	0.8%	gap filled
Forest (2025)	26,747,100 ha	0.6%	external
Fresh water (2023)	810,000,000 m3	0.2%	gap filled

Where what it consumes is produced

For each material, how much of what this country uses was produced in each country. It is traced through trade, so a country that only passes a material on is not counted as its source: it hands on the mix it imported. The largest sources are listed and the rest added together.

Crude petroleum — 2023, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
United Arab Emirates	96.9%	—
Qatar	1.4%	—
Libya	1.1%	yes
Russian Federation	0.3%	yes
All other countries	0.2%

Natural gas — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Tanzania	62.5%	yes
United States	22.6%	—
Norway	5.3%	—
Algeria	3.2%	yes
Russian Federation	1.2%	yes
Argentina	0.9%	yes
All other countries	4.3%

Coal and lignite — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Ethiopia (at home)	100.0%	yes
All other countries	0.0%

Cobalt — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Congo, Dem. Rep.	28.3%	yes
Madagascar	23.1%	—
Canada	19.9%	—
Australia	12.7%	—
Indonesia	6.7%	yes
Turkiye	3.3%	yes
All other countries	6.0%

Copper — 2021, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Kazakhstan	45.3%	—
Russian Federation	17.9%	yes
Chile	16.2%	—
Peru	5.4%	yes
Poland	4.6%	—
Congo, Dem. Rep.	3.3%	yes
All other countries	7.5%

Lithium — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Australia	32.2%	—
China	26.1%	—
Chile	25.8%	—
Zimbabwe	7.7%	—
Argentina	5.5%	yes
Brazil	2.0%	yes
All other countries	0.7%

Nickel — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Australia	31.5%	—
Canada	26.7%	—
Russian Federation	17.0%	yes
Indonesia	6.7%	yes
China	6.2%	—
Philippines	5.3%	yes
All other countries	6.5%

Gold — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Australia	20.0%	—
Russian Federation	17.1%	yes
Canada	9.7%	—
United States	8.9%	—
Uzbekistan	7.4%	—
China	7.0%	—
All other countries	29.9%

Tin — 2023, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
China	55.3%	yes
Indonesia	22.7%	yes
Congo, Dem. Rep.	6.4%	yes
Peru	4.6%	yes
Australia	3.8%	—
Nigeria	1.8%	yes
All other countries	5.4%

Tantalum — 2020, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Ethiopia (at home)	99.9%	yes
All other countries	0.1%

Tungsten — 2023, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
China	88.8%	yes
Bolivia	3.7%	yes
Korea, Dem. People's Rep.	2.0%	—
Austria	1.5%	—
Spain	1.3%	yes
Russian Federation	1.0%	yes
All other countries	1.6%

Iron ore — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Turkiye	63.9%	yes
Brazil	19.0%	yes
Sweden	4.9%	—
Ukraine	4.6%	yes
South Africa	3.5%	yes
Russian Federation	2.3%	yes
All other countries	1.9%

Bauxite — 2023, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
India	78.4%	yes
Turkiye	14.5%	yes
Guinea	6.2%	—
China	0.9%	yes
Australia	0.1%	—
All other countries	0.0%

Rare earth elements — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
China	75.1%	—
United States	9.4%	—
Myanmar	7.5%	yes
Australia	3.8%	—
Russian Federation	2.2%	yes
India	1.4%	yes
All other countries	0.6%

Silver — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Canada	20.4%	—
Mexico	20.1%	yes
Bolivia	14.8%	—
Argentina	8.5%	yes
Poland	7.8%	—
Chile	5.9%	—
All other countries	22.5%

Zinc — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Peru	34.5%	—
Mexico	27.8%	yes
United States	16.4%	—
Australia	8.7%	—
Bolivia	7.7%	—
Sweden	2.2%	—
All other countries	2.7%

Phosphate rock — 2023, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Brazil	99.9%	yes
India	0.1%	yes
All other countries	0.0%

Manganese — 2023, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Cote d'Ivoire	90.2%	—
South Africa	3.8%	yes
Gabon	2.2%	—
Australia	2.1%	—
China	0.7%	yes
Ghana	0.7%	yes
All other countries	0.2%

Natural graphite — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
China	52.7%	—
India	18.8%	yes
Madagascar	14.7%	—
Mozambique	7.5%	yes
Tanzania	5.0%	yes
Canada	0.5%	—
All other countries	0.8%

Salt — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
China	73.1%	—
India	16.0%	yes
Egypt, Arab Rep.	2.5%	—
Australia	2.4%	—
Netherlands	1.5%	—
United Kingdom	1.1%	—
All other countries	3.5%

Silica sand — 2021, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
India	73.8%	yes
China	11.6%	—
Italy	8.7%	—
Germany	1.4%	—
France	1.2%	—
Turkiye	0.9%	yes
All other countries	2.5%

Natural diamonds (rough) — 2023, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Botswana	39.0%	—
Canada	21.5%	—
Russian Federation	17.3%	yes
South Africa	8.8%	yes
Angola	6.8%	—
Zimbabwe	2.3%	—
All other countries	4.3%

Wheat — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Ethiopia (at home)	99.4%	yes
Russian Federation	0.2%	yes
Romania	0.1%	—
All other countries	0.2%

Milk — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Ethiopia (at home)	99.7%	yes
All other countries	0.3%

Natural rubber — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Thailand	99.4%	yes
Malaysia	0.1%	—
Viet Nam	0.1%	—
All other countries	0.3%

Maize — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Ethiopia (at home)	100.0%	yes
All other countries	0.0%

Rice — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Ethiopia (at home)	93.3%	yes
India	2.8%	yes
Korea, Rep.	2.6%	—
China	0.9%	—
Pakistan	0.1%	yes
All other countries	0.2%

Soybeans — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Ethiopia (at home)	100.0%	yes
All other countries	0.0%

Sugar — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Ethiopia (at home)	85.4%	yes
Brazil	8.5%	yes
Egypt, Arab Rep.	5.1%	—
India	0.5%	yes
Thailand	0.2%	yes
Uganda	0.1%	yes
All other countries	0.2%

Coffee — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Ethiopia (at home)	100.0%	yes
All other countries	0.0%

Cocoa — 2023, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Cote d'Ivoire	50.3%	—
Ghana	8.0%	yes
Ecuador	6.4%	yes
Peru	4.5%	yes
Uganda	4.3%	yes
Guatemala	3.6%	yes
All other countries	23.0%

Palm oil — 2023, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Malaysia	52.5%	—
Indonesia	46.6%	yes
Thailand	0.5%	yes
Papua New Guinea	0.2%	yes
All other countries	0.2%

Cotton — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Ethiopia (at home)	100.0%	yes
All other countries	0.0%

Livestock — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Ethiopia (at home)	99.8%	yes
South Africa	0.1%	yes
All other countries	0.1%

Timber — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Ethiopia (at home)	97.6%	yes
Croatia	0.8%	—
Austria	0.5%	—
Italy	0.3%	—
Germany	0.2%	yes
Czechia	0.1%	—
All other countries	0.6%

Tobacco (unmanufactured) — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Ethiopia (at home)	82.3%	yes
Brazil	7.0%	yes
Tanzania	2.8%	yes
Argentina	1.5%	yes
India	1.1%	yes
Malawi	0.9%	—
All other countries	4.3%

Wood charcoal — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Ethiopia (at home)	100.0%	yes
All other countries	0.0%

“War recorded” marks a source country where war deaths were recorded in the same year. It is a fact about that country, not a claim that this material caused them.

Where what it produces is consumed

For each material this country produces, how much of it is used in each country, including at home.

Coal and lignite — 2024, by value
Consumed in	Share
Ethiopia (at home)	100.0%
All other countries	0.0%

Tantalum — 2024, by value
Consumed in	Share
China	76.2%
Korea, Rep.	4.5%
Malaysia	3.1%
Mexico	2.8%
India	2.4%
United States	2.2%
All other countries	8.8%

Wheat — 2024, by value
Consumed in	Share
Ethiopia (at home)	100.0%
All other countries	0.0%

Milk — 2024, by value
Consumed in	Share
Ethiopia (at home)	100.0%
All other countries	0.0%

Maize — 2024, by value
Consumed in	Share
Ethiopia (at home)	100.0%
All other countries	0.0%

Rice — 2024, by value
Consumed in	Share
Ethiopia (at home)	100.0%
All other countries	0.0%

Soybeans — 2024, by value
Consumed in	Share
Ethiopia (at home)	45.3%
Pakistan	34.8%
Kenya	2.7%
Bahrain	0.0%
All other countries	17.2%

Sugar — 2024, by value
Consumed in	Share
Ethiopia (at home)	99.8%
All other countries	0.2%

Coffee — 2024, by value
Consumed in	Share
Ethiopia (at home)	24.7%
Saudi Arabia	15.5%
United States	10.5%
Korea, Rep.	6.6%
Japan	5.6%
Germany	5.5%
All other countries	31.6%

Cotton — 2024, by value
Consumed in	Share
Ethiopia (at home)	98.1%
All other countries	1.9%

Livestock — 2024, by value
Consumed in	Share
Ethiopia (at home)	99.1%
Saudi Arabia	0.9%
All other countries	0.0%

Timber — 2024, by value
Consumed in	Share
Ethiopia (at home)	100.0%
All other countries	0.0%

Tobacco (unmanufactured) — 2024, by value
Consumed in	Share
Ethiopia (at home)	99.6%
All other countries	0.4%

Wood charcoal — 2024, by value
Consumed in	Share
Ethiopia (at home)	100.0%
All other countries	0.0%

The number this page does not show

The harm these supply chains carry is calculated, and not shown.

The model passes the harm counted where a material is produced on to the countries that use it. That is a count of people from a recorded calculation, with no range yet, and nothing of that kind is published before the model passes its test on past years. What this page can show without it is the structure: who produces, who uses, and where harm is recorded along the way.

Sources

Sources
Version of the data	Downloaded	File fingerprint
ucdp · ged-v26.1	2026-09-10	`8c941d84954e555e…`
eia · intl-20261003	2026-10-06	`9251a5920ebe7044…`
usgs_mcs · MCS2026-20260206	2026-09-29	`582a0aa231aea53d…`
faostat · qcl-20251231	2026-09-29	`c5835418c18f9322…`
faostat · fo-20260109	2026-09-29	`c2f7fc99651f620b…`
faostat · rl-20261002	2026-10-06	`39b739fbfb694971…`
aquastat · ds-20260713	2026-10-06	`3bca93e1d4430099…`
baci · HS92_V202601-20260130	2026-09-29	`43259580059fa83e…`

CEPII, BACI — Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level, CEPII Working Paper 2010-23. CEPII did not endorse these derived figures — HS92_V202601-20260130, retrieved 2026-09-29 from https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/data/BACI_HS92_V202601.zip. Licensed under Open Licence 2.0 (Licence Ouverte, Etalab) (https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf).
FAO. AQUASTAT, FAO's Global Information System on Water and Agriculture: municipal water withdrawal. Licence: CC-BY-4.0. FAO endorsement of these derived figures is neither stated nor implied — ds-20260713, retrieved 2026-10-06 from https://api.data.apps.fao.org/api/v2/bigquery. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data modified by HumanToll.
FAO. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, FAOSTAT. Licence: CC-BY-4.0. FAO endorsement of these derived figures is neither stated nor implied — fo-20260109, retrieved 2026-09-29 from https://bulks-faostat.fao.org/production/Forestry_E_All_Data_(Normalized).zip. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data modified by HumanToll.
FAO. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, FAOSTAT. Licence: CC-BY-4.0. FAO endorsement of these derived figures is neither stated nor implied — qcl-20251231, retrieved 2026-09-29 from https://bulks-faostat.fao.org/production/Production_Crops_Livestock_E_All_Data_(Normalized).zip. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data modified by HumanToll.
FAO. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, FAOSTAT. Licence: CC-BY-4.0. FAO endorsement of these derived figures is neither stated nor implied — rl-20261002, retrieved 2026-10-06 from https://bulks-faostat.fao.org/production/Inputs_LandUse_E_All_Data_(Normalized).zip. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data modified by HumanToll.
Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, International Energy Statistics — intl-20261003, retrieved 2026-10-06 from https://www.eia.gov/opendata/bulk/INTL.zip. Used under U.S. Government work — public domain (EIA Copyrights and Reuse); see https://www.eia.gov/about/copyrights_reuse.php.
U.S. Geological Survey, National Minerals Information Center, Mineral Commodity Summaries — MCS2026-20260206, retrieved 2026-09-29 from https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/69837e43b66b01367d7ec7c7?f=__disk__d3%2Fac%2F84%2Fd3ac8466552946c5e8caa2c2c6338d9e1aff655d. Licensed under Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal (public domain dedication) (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/).
Uppsala Conflict Data Program (UCDP), Uppsala University — Davies, Pettersson and Oberg, "Organized violence 1989-2025, and violent political protests", Journal of Peace Research (2026), doi:10.1093/jopres/xjag046 — ged-v26.1, retrieved 2026-09-10 from https://ucdp.uu.se/downloads/ged/ged261-csv.zip. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data modified by HumanToll.

Sources →

Ethiopia