Harm counted here, in the products the model covers

Each product whose supply chain counts deaths in Venezuela, RB, with its deaths per item and the part of that figure counted here — the other side of the story: harm suffered here, in things mostly bought elsewhere.

Scenario Economic-embedded, using FIGARO 2023.

Harm counted here, in the products the model covers
Product	Deaths per item
Aluminium Part from here: 0.16%	4.8 × 10⁻¹⁰ per item(0.19–1.2 × 10⁻⁹)LOWS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r
Steel Part from here: <0.1%	3.1 × 10⁻⁹ per item(1.7–6.7 × 10⁻⁹)LOWS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r
Passenger car tyre Part from here: <0.1%	5.2 × 10⁻¹⁰ per item(0.27–1.1 × 10⁻⁹)LOWS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r
Cocoa butter Part from here: <0.1%	4.1 × 10⁻⁸ per item(0.16–1.1 × 10⁻⁷)LOWS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r
Cocoa mass Part from here: <0.1%	4.1 × 10⁻⁸ per item(0.16–1.0 × 10⁻⁷)LOWS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r
Chocolate bar Part from here: <0.1%	2.5 × 10⁻⁹ per item(1.2–5.8 × 10⁻⁹)LOWS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r
Coffee, one cup Part from here: <0.1%	4.7 × 10⁻¹⁰ per item(0.19–1.2 × 10⁻⁹)LOWS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r
Roasted coffee Part from here: <0.1%	6.7 × 10⁻⁸ per item(0.27–1.7 × 10⁻⁷)LOWS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r
Petrol car Part from here: <0.1%	9.5 × 10⁻⁶ per item(0.55–1.7 × 10⁻⁵)LOWS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r
Butter Part from here: <0.1%	3.2 × 10⁻⁷ per item(1.3–7.2 × 10⁻⁷)LOWS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r
Croissant Part from here: <0.1%	0.42–2.4 × 10⁻⁸ per itemINDICATIVES-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r
Refined sugar Part from here: <0.1%	6.1 × 10⁻⁹ per item(0.24–1.5 × 10⁻⁸)LOWS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r
Pack of cigarettes Part from here: <0.1%	3.6 × 10⁻¹⁰ per item(1.4–8.8 × 10⁻¹⁰)LOWS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r
Electric car Part from here: <0.1%	3.0 × 10⁻⁵ per item(1.8–5.5 × 10⁻⁵)LOWS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r
Bag of charcoal Part from here: <0.1%	1.5 × 10⁻⁷ per item(0.61–3.5 × 10⁻⁷)LOWS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r
Lithium-ion battery pack Part from here: <0.1%	6.9 × 10⁻⁸ per item(0.36–1.4 × 10⁻⁷)LOWS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r
Cotton fabric Part from here: <0.1%	3.9 × 10⁻⁸ per item(1.5–9.5 × 10⁻⁸)LOWS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r
Cotton T-shirt Part from here: <0.1%	6.4 × 10⁻⁹ per item(0.25–1.6 × 10⁻⁸)LOWS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r
Cotton yarn Part from here: <0.1%	3.8 × 10⁻⁸ per item(1.5–9.3 × 10⁻⁸)LOWS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r
Jeans Part from here: <0.1%	3.2 × 10⁻⁸ per item(1.2–8.0 × 10⁻⁸)LOWS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r
Denim fabric Part from here: <0.1%	3.8 × 10⁻⁸ per item(1.5–9.8 × 10⁻⁸)LOWS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r
Laptop Part from here: <0.1%	5.4 × 10⁻⁷ per item(0.21–1.2 × 10⁻⁶)LOWS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r
Smartphone Part from here: <0.1%	3.0 × 10⁻⁸ per item(1.2–6.3 × 10⁻⁸)LOWS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r
Lithium-ion cell Part from here: <0.1%	8.4 × 10⁻⁸ per item(0.50–1.7 × 10⁻⁷)LOWS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r
Printed circuit board assembly Part from here: <0.1%	1.6 × 10⁻⁶ per item(0.60–3.4 × 10⁻⁶)LOWS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r
Wheat flour Part from here: <0.1%	1.1 × 10⁻⁸ per item(0.44–2.6 × 10⁻⁸)LOWS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r

The figure is the product’s own, with its range. The share beside it is a middle estimate only: the calculation stores a range for each figure, not for each part of one.

Recorded here

Deaths recorded for this country, as their publishers counted them: war deaths from the Uppsala Conflict Data Program (UCDP), and deaths at work reported to the International Labour Organization. Both are records, and both are floors, not estimates of the whole. A war death is recorded where it happened, whoever died.

Recorded here
Kind of harm	Years	Deaths recorded	Latest year
War deaths (UCDP)	1989–2025	1,563	2 (2025)
Deaths at work (ILOSTAT, as reported)	1976–2002	1,751	31 (2002)

What it produces

The latest year on record for each material, and this country’s share of the production on record for that year. That is not always a share of the world total: when a publisher lumps small producers together as “other countries”, that group is not a country and is not loaded.

What it produces
Material	Produced	Share of recorded production	Quality
Crude petroleum (2025)	51,601,265 t	1.2%	gap filled
Natural gas (2024)	25,429,904,652 m3	0.6%	reported
Coal and lignite (2024)	314,734 t	0.0%	reported
Iron ore (2012)	27,000,000 t	1.4%	not stated
Bauxite (2014)	1,500,000 t	0.6%	not stated
Phosphate rock (2015)	31,112 t	0.1%	reported
Wheat (2024)	1,015 t	0.0%	gap filled
Milk (2024)	4,021,871 t	0.4%	estimated
Maize (2024)	2,832,022 t	0.2%	gap filled
Rice (2024)	611,475 t	0.1%	gap filled
Soybeans (2024)	11,057 t	0.0%	gap filled
Sugar (2024)	3,681,623 t	0.2%	gap filled
Coffee (2024)	58,268 t	0.5%	gap filled
Cocoa (2024)	29,383 t	0.6%	gap filled
Palm oil (2023)	103,346 t	0.1%	reported
Cotton (2024)	4,877 t	0.0%	gap filled
Livestock (2024)	1,094,845 t	0.3%	gap filled
Timber (2024)	1,364,000 m3	0.1%	estimated
Tobacco (unmanufactured) (2024)	2,952 t	0.0%	gap filled
Wood charcoal (2024)	40,000 t	0.1%	gap filled
Agricultural land (2024)	21,541,000 ha	0.5%	gap filled
Forest (2025)	47,088,240 ha	1.1%	external
Fresh water (2023)	5,123,000,000 m3	1.0%	gap filled

Where what it consumes is produced

For each material, how much of what this country uses was produced in each country. It is traced through trade, so a country that only passes a material on is not counted as its source: it hands on the mix it imported. The largest sources are listed and the rest added together.

Crude petroleum — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Venezuela, RB (at home)	100.0%	yes
All other countries	0.0%

Natural gas — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Venezuela, RB (at home)	100.0%	yes
All other countries	0.0%

Coal and lignite — 2018, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Venezuela, RB (at home)	98.0%	yes
United States	1.9%	yes
All other countries	0.1%

Cobalt — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Congo, Dem. Rep.	34.7%	yes
Madagascar	20.6%	—
Canada	17.0%	—
Australia	12.4%	—
Indonesia	6.0%	yes
Turkiye	3.5%	yes
All other countries	5.7%

Copper — 2017, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Chile	99.2%	—
Peru	0.4%	yes
United States	0.3%	yes
All other countries	0.1%

Lithium — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Chile	37.5%	—
Australia	22.7%	—
Argentina	14.5%	yes
China	11.5%	—
Brazil	8.0%	yes
Zimbabwe	3.0%	—
All other countries	2.8%

Nickel — 2023, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Australia	44.9%	—
Russian Federation	29.4%	yes
Canada	18.8%	—
Brazil	3.4%	yes
United States	2.0%	—
China	0.5%	yes
All other countries	0.9%

Tin — 2021, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Peru	30.4%	yes
Indonesia	26.5%	yes
Bolivia	18.9%	yes
Brazil	10.9%	yes
China	5.8%	—
Malaysia	2.8%	—
All other countries	4.6%

Tantalum — 2020, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Brazil	60.0%	yes
Ethiopia	15.5%	yes
Rwanda	6.0%	—
Nigeria	4.9%	yes
Congo, Dem. Rep.	4.2%	yes
Russian Federation	4.1%	yes
All other countries	5.4%

Tungsten — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
China	77.0%	—
Bolivia	8.5%	—
Portugal	3.2%	—
Austria	2.8%	—
Spain	2.5%	—
Korea, Dem. People's Rep.	2.1%	—
All other countries	4.0%

Iron ore — 2012, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Venezuela, RB (at home)	89.2%	yes
Australia	3.4%	—
China	3.2%	—
Brazil	2.4%	yes
Canada	0.5%	—
India	0.2%	yes
All other countries	1.1%

Bauxite — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Guinea	97.4%	—
Turkiye	1.7%	yes
China	0.5%	—
Australia	0.2%	—
All other countries	0.1%

Rare earth elements — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
United States	68.5%	—
China	27.3%	—
Myanmar	2.7%	yes
Australia	0.9%	—
India	0.2%	yes
Russian Federation	0.2%	yes
All other countries	0.1%

Silver — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Mexico	55.6%	yes
United States	16.1%	—
Chile	6.0%	—
Poland	5.0%	—
Bolivia	3.6%	—
Canada	3.4%	—
All other countries	10.3%

Zinc — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Peru	40.2%	—
Mexico	14.0%	yes
Bolivia	11.6%	—
Sweden	9.7%	—
Australia	8.2%	—
India	8.0%	yes
All other countries	8.3%

Phosphate rock — 2020, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
United States	100.0%	—
All other countries	0.0%

Manganese — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Brazil	73.9%	yes
South Africa	11.8%	yes
Gabon	6.1%	—
Ghana	3.1%	yes
Australia	2.9%	—
China	1.7%	—
All other countries	0.4%

Natural graphite — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Brazil	83.4%	yes
China	14.3%	—
Madagascar	0.9%	—
Mozambique	0.5%	yes
Canada	0.5%	—
Tanzania	0.1%	yes
All other countries	0.4%

Salt — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
United States	48.6%	—
Spain	22.5%	—
Germany	10.2%	yes
Italy	5.7%	—
Netherlands	3.0%	—
Chile	1.9%	—
All other countries	8.1%

Silica sand — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Spain	79.7%	—
Turkiye	7.6%	yes
United States	6.4%	—
Netherlands	2.3%	—
China	1.4%	—
Italy	1.0%	—
All other countries	1.6%

Natural diamonds (rough) — 2019, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Russian Federation	47.9%	yes
Botswana	21.0%	—
Canada	13.2%	—
Angola	3.9%	yes
Australia	3.6%	—
South Africa	3.6%	yes
All other countries	6.8%

Wheat — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Canada	63.2%	—
United States	30.1%	—
Brazil	3.4%	yes
Argentina	2.2%	yes
Russian Federation	0.4%	yes
Paraguay	0.2%	—
All other countries	0.5%

Milk — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Venezuela, RB (at home)	96.2%	yes
Colombia	1.6%	yes
Uruguay	0.7%	—
Argentina	0.5%	yes
China	0.4%	—
United States	0.2%	—
All other countries	0.5%

Natural rubber — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Guatemala	91.6%	yes
Colombia	4.6%	yes
Indonesia	1.8%	yes
Thailand	0.9%	yes
Viet Nam	0.5%	—
Cote d'Ivoire	0.2%	—
All other countries	0.4%

Maize — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Venezuela, RB (at home)	72.3%	yes
United States	13.1%	—
Brazil	9.5%	yes
Argentina	4.9%	yes
Paraguay	0.1%	—
All other countries	0.0%

Rice — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Venezuela, RB (at home)	64.3%	yes
United States	12.9%	—
Brazil	12.0%	yes
Thailand	3.7%	yes
Uruguay	3.4%	—
India	1.7%	yes
All other countries	2.1%

Soybeans — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
United States	49.8%	—
Brazil	39.4%	yes
Venezuela, RB (at home)	10.2%	yes
Paraguay	0.3%	—
Canada	0.2%	—
All other countries	0.1%

Sugar — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Brazil	55.3%	yes
Venezuela, RB (at home)	44.6%	yes
All other countries	0.1%

Coffee — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Venezuela, RB (at home)	99.5%	yes
Brazil	0.3%	yes
All other countries	0.2%

Cocoa — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Venezuela, RB (at home)	100.0%	yes
All other countries	0.0%

Palm oil — 2023, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Venezuela, RB (at home)	86.8%	yes
Colombia	11.8%	yes
Ecuador	0.6%	yes
Peru	0.2%	yes
Malaysia	0.2%	—
Indonesia	0.2%	yes
All other countries	0.0%

Cotton — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Venezuela, RB (at home)	50.2%	yes
United States	38.2%	—
Argentina	10.3%	yes
Spain	0.8%	—
All other countries	0.4%

Livestock — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Venezuela, RB (at home)	99.3%	yes
Brazil	0.5%	yes
Colombia	0.1%	yes
All other countries	0.1%

Timber — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Venezuela, RB (at home)	99.9%	yes
All other countries	0.1%

Tobacco (unmanufactured) — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Venezuela, RB (at home)	70.2%	yes
Brazil	23.0%	yes
Colombia	5.9%	yes
India	0.2%	yes
Argentina	0.2%	yes
Malawi	0.1%	—
All other countries	0.4%

Wood charcoal — 2024, by value
Produced in	Share	War recorded
Venezuela, RB (at home)	99.6%	yes
Indonesia	0.3%	yes
All other countries	0.0%

“War recorded” marks a source country where war deaths were recorded in the same year. It is a fact about that country, not a claim that this material caused them.

Where what it produces is consumed

For each material this country produces, how much of it is used in each country, including at home.

Crude petroleum — 2024, by value
Consumed in	Share
Venezuela, RB (at home)	61.0%
United States	18.6%
India	7.2%
Spain	5.3%
China	3.2%
Italy	0.8%
All other countries	3.9%

Natural gas — 2024, by value
Consumed in	Share
Venezuela, RB (at home)	100.0%
All other countries	0.0%

Coal and lignite — 2024, by value
Consumed in	Share
Dominican Republic	16.1%
Italy	9.7%
United Kingdom	8.8%
Norway	7.5%
Spain	7.2%
Belgium	2.0%
All other countries	48.7%

Iron ore — 2012, by value
Consumed in	Share
Venezuela, RB (at home)	74.1%
China	18.9%
France	4.3%
Belgium	1.6%
Spain	0.3%
Netherlands	0.3%
All other countries	0.6%

Bauxite — 2014, by value
Consumed in	Share
Venezuela, RB (at home)	100.0%
All other countries	0.0%

Phosphate rock — 2015, by value
Consumed in	Share
Venezuela, RB (at home)	100.0%
All other countries	0.0%

Wheat — 2024, by value
Consumed in	Share
Venezuela, RB (at home)	100.0%
All other countries	0.0%

Milk — 2024, by value
Consumed in	Share
Venezuela, RB (at home)	100.0%
All other countries	0.0%

Maize — 2024, by value
Consumed in	Share
Venezuela, RB (at home)	100.0%
All other countries	0.0%

Rice — 2024, by value
Consumed in	Share
Venezuela, RB (at home)	100.0%
All other countries	0.0%

Soybeans — 2024, by value
Consumed in	Share
Venezuela, RB (at home)	100.0%
All other countries	0.0%

Sugar — 2024, by value
Consumed in	Share
Venezuela, RB (at home)	100.0%
All other countries	0.0%

Coffee — 2024, by value
Consumed in	Share
Venezuela, RB (at home)	92.1%
United States	5.1%
Bahamas, The	0.0%
Cayman Islands	0.0%
Bermuda	0.0%
Belize	0.0%
All other countries	2.7%

Cocoa — 2024, by value
Consumed in	Share
Venezuela, RB (at home)	32.6%
Canada	15.3%
Indonesia	10.6%
Japan	8.5%
Russian Federation	5.3%
Estonia	4.1%
All other countries	23.5%

Palm oil — 2023, by value
Consumed in	Share
Venezuela, RB (at home)	97.6%
Colombia	1.6%
All other countries	0.8%

Cotton — 2024, by value
Consumed in	Share
Venezuela, RB (at home)	100.0%
All other countries	0.0%

Livestock — 2024, by value
Consumed in	Share
Venezuela, RB (at home)	100.0%
All other countries	0.0%

Timber — 2024, by value
Consumed in	Share
Venezuela, RB (at home)	85.9%
Costa Rica	0.7%
Trinidad and Tobago	0.5%
Honduras	0.1%
All other countries	13.0%

Tobacco (unmanufactured) — 2024, by value
Consumed in	Share
Venezuela, RB (at home)	99.9%
All other countries	0.1%

Wood charcoal — 2024, by value
Consumed in	Share
Venezuela, RB (at home)	51.1%
Lebanon	12.4%
United States	9.4%
Saudi Arabia	6.4%
Canada	5.6%
Spain	3.9%
All other countries	11.1%

The number this page does not show

The harm these supply chains carry is calculated, and not shown.

The model passes the harm counted where a material is produced on to the countries that use it. That is a count of people from a recorded calculation, with no range yet, and nothing of that kind is published before the model passes its test on past years. What this page can show without it is the structure: who produces, who uses, and where harm is recorded along the way.

Sources

Sources
Version of the data	Downloaded	File fingerprint
ucdp · ged-v26.1	2026-09-10	`8c941d84954e555e…`
ilostat · fatal-20261006	2026-10-06	`700fa580091e41e7…`
eia · intl-20261003	2026-10-06	`9251a5920ebe7044…`
usgs_mcs · MCS2014-PDF	2026-10-06	`03078be96e6a0a06…`
usgs_mcs · MCS2016-PDF	2026-10-06	`0c486c2af6856a0e…`
faostat · rfb-20260730	2026-09-29	`f78a2c3cadaca95a…`
faostat · qcl-20251231	2026-09-29	`c5835418c18f9322…`
faostat · fo-20260109	2026-09-29	`c2f7fc99651f620b…`
faostat · rl-20261002	2026-10-06	`39b739fbfb694971…`
aquastat · ds-20260713	2026-10-06	`3bca93e1d4430099…`
baci · HS92_V202601-20260130	2026-09-29	`43259580059fa83e…`

CEPII, BACI — Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level, CEPII Working Paper 2010-23. CEPII did not endorse these derived figures — HS92_V202601-20260130, retrieved 2026-09-29 from https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/data/BACI_HS92_V202601.zip. Licensed under Open Licence 2.0 (Licence Ouverte, Etalab) (https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf).
FAO. AQUASTAT, FAO's Global Information System on Water and Agriculture: municipal water withdrawal. Licence: CC-BY-4.0. FAO endorsement of these derived figures is neither stated nor implied — ds-20260713, retrieved 2026-10-06 from https://api.data.apps.fao.org/api/v2/bigquery. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data modified by HumanToll.
FAO. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, FAOSTAT. Licence: CC-BY-4.0. FAO endorsement of these derived figures is neither stated nor implied — fo-20260109, retrieved 2026-09-29 from https://bulks-faostat.fao.org/production/Forestry_E_All_Data_(Normalized).zip. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data modified by HumanToll.
FAO. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, FAOSTAT. Licence: CC-BY-4.0. FAO endorsement of these derived figures is neither stated nor implied — qcl-20251231, retrieved 2026-09-29 from https://bulks-faostat.fao.org/production/Production_Crops_Livestock_E_All_Data_(Normalized).zip. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data modified by HumanToll.
FAO. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, FAOSTAT. Licence: CC-BY-4.0. FAO endorsement of these derived figures is neither stated nor implied — rfb-20260730, retrieved 2026-09-29 from https://bulks-faostat.fao.org/production/Inputs_FertilizersProduct_E_All_Data_(Normalized).zip. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data modified by HumanToll.
FAO. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, FAOSTAT. Licence: CC-BY-4.0. FAO endorsement of these derived figures is neither stated nor implied — rl-20261002, retrieved 2026-10-06 from https://bulks-faostat.fao.org/production/Inputs_LandUse_E_All_Data_(Normalized).zip. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data modified by HumanToll.
International Labour Organization, ILOSTAT. The ILO did not prepare, review or endorse these derived figures; responsibility for them rests solely with Quiescence — fatal-20261006, retrieved 2026-10-06 from https://sdmx.ilo.org/rest/data/ILO,DF_INJ_FATL_ECO_NB,1.0/all. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data modified by HumanToll.
Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, International Energy Statistics — intl-20261003, retrieved 2026-10-06 from https://www.eia.gov/opendata/bulk/INTL.zip. Used under U.S. Government work — public domain (EIA Copyrights and Reuse); see https://www.eia.gov/about/copyrights_reuse.php.
U.S. Geological Survey, National Minerals Information Center, Mineral Commodity Summaries — MCS2014-PDF, retrieved 2026-10-06 from https://d9-wret.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/assets/palladium/production/mineral-pubs/mcs/mcs2014.pdf. Used under U.S. Government work — public domain (USGS Copyrights and Credits); see https://www.usgs.gov/information-policies-and-instructions/copyrights-and-credits.
U.S. Geological Survey, National Minerals Information Center, Mineral Commodity Summaries — MCS2016-PDF, retrieved 2026-10-06 from https://d9-wret.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/assets/palladium/production/mineral-pubs/mcs/mcs2016.pdf. Used under U.S. Government work — public domain (USGS Copyrights and Credits); see https://www.usgs.gov/information-policies-and-instructions/copyrights-and-credits.
Uppsala Conflict Data Program (UCDP), Uppsala University — Davies, Pettersson and Oberg, "Organized violence 1989-2025, and violent political protests", Journal of Peace Research (2026), doi:10.1093/jopres/xjag046 — ged-v26.1, retrieved 2026-09-10 from https://ucdp.uu.se/downloads/ged/ged261-csv.zip. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data modified by HumanToll.

Sources →

Venezuela, RB