The full breakdown

How the figure for NMC cathode powder is built

Every stage the model passes through, with its number. Each table below divides the same headline figure a different way, and each one adds up to it exactly — the page checks, and refuses to show a table that does not.

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The headline

One item is one kilogram of NMC532 cathode active material. Scenario Economic-embedded, using FIGARO 2023. Each figure is the middle result of 2,000 runs of the calculation, with the range that holds nine in ten of them beside it, and the grade that range earns.

Materials method — 1.4 × 10⁻⁷ per item(0.71–3.2 × 10⁻⁷)LOWS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r

Money method — 3.2 × 10⁻⁶ per €1,000 spent in its industry(2.1–4.8 × 10⁻⁶)MEDIUMS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r

Each step below is a middle estimate. The model works out a range for the whole figure, not for each step, so the range that applies to a step is the headline’s.

1 · What it is made of, and what each material carries

How much of each raw material is in one item, the deaths linked to each kilogram of it in this calculation, and the two multiplied together: its part of the headline figure.

1 · What it is made of, and what each material carries
Material	Per item	Deaths per kg	Part of the figure	Share
Cobalt	1.3 × 10⁻⁴ t	8.9 × 10⁻⁷	1.1 × 10⁻⁷	81%
Lithium	7.2 × 10⁻⁵ t	1.8 × 10⁻⁷	1.3 × 10⁻⁸	9.3%
Nickel	3.1 × 10⁻⁴ t	3.8 × 10⁻⁸	1.2 × 10⁻⁸	8.5%
Manganese	1.7 × 10⁻⁴ t	6.6 × 10⁻⁹	1.1 × 10⁻⁹	0.81%
Total			1.4 × 10⁻⁷	= the headline figure, 1.4 × 10⁻⁷

2 · Where the harm was counted

The same headline, by the country where the harm the materials carry was counted.

2 · Where the harm was counted
Country	Part of the figure	Share
Congo, Dem. Rep.	1.1 × 10⁻⁷	81%
Philippines	6.1 × 10⁻⁹	4.4%
Mali	3.7 × 10⁻⁹	2.7%
Australia	3.5 × 10⁻⁹	2.5%
Brazil	3.1 × 10⁻⁹	2.2%
Colombia	1.9 × 10⁻⁹	1.4%
Argentina	1.7 × 10⁻⁹	1.3%
Canada	1.6 × 10⁻⁹	1.2%
Indonesia	1.1 × 10⁻⁹	0.82%
Portugal	1.0 × 10⁻⁹	0.73%
Ukraine	9.3 × 10⁻¹⁰	0.67%
Russian Federation	6.8 × 10⁻¹⁰	0.49%
Turkiye	4.4 × 10⁻¹⁰	0.32%
United States	3.0 × 10⁻¹⁰	0.22%
Guatemala	1.4 × 10⁻¹⁰	0.10%
Papua New Guinea	9.6 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Mexico	6.6 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Myanmar	6.6 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Finland	5.2 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Georgia	3.3 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Morocco	1.1 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
South Africa	8.8 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Ghana	2.2 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
India	1.6 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
China	1.4 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Total	1.4 × 10⁻⁷	= the headline figure, 1.4 × 10⁻⁷

3 · Through which kind of harm

The same headline, by kind of harm: war, work, poverty, pollution.

3 · Through which kind of harm
Kind of harm	Part of the figure	Share
Conflict and political violence	1.3 × 10⁻⁷	93%
Work	1.0 × 10⁻⁸	7.4%
Total	1.4 × 10⁻⁷	= the headline figure, 1.4 × 10⁻⁷

4 · Which wars

The war deaths in the headline, by war. Harm of any other kind is the row that names no war.

4 · Which wars
War	Part of the figure	Share
IS - Civilians	3.1 × 10⁻⁸	22%
URDPC - Civilians	2.0 × 10⁻⁸	14%
Lengola - Mbole	1.3 × 10⁻⁸	9.4%
Not placed	1.0 × 10⁻⁸	7.4%
DR Congo (Zaire): Islamic State	9.0 × 10⁻⁹	6.5%
M23 - VDP	5.6 × 10⁻⁹	4.0%
Mobondo - Civilians	5.4 × 10⁻⁹	3.9%
DR Congo (Zaire): Government	4.4 × 10⁻⁹	3.2%
M23 - Civilians	4.3 × 10⁻⁹	3.1%
Rwanda: Government	3.8 × 10⁻⁹	2.8%
Philippines: Government	3.7 × 10⁻⁹	2.7%
Government of DR Congo (Zaire) - Civilians	3.5 × 10⁻⁹	2.5%
Government of Rwanda - Civilians	2.1 × 10⁻⁹	1.5%
Philippines: Islamic State	1.8 × 10⁻⁹	1.3%
URDPC - Zaire self-defense group	1.8 × 10⁻⁹	1.3%
Zaire self-defense group - Civilians	1.6 × 10⁻⁹	1.1%
VDP - Civilians	1.5 × 10⁻⁹	1.1%
FPIC Chambre noire sanduku - URDPC	1.2 × 10⁻⁹	0.84%
FPIC Chambre noire sanduku - Civilians	1.1 × 10⁻⁹	0.82%
Mali: Government	9.8 × 10⁻¹⁰	0.71%
Russia - Ukraine	9.5 × 10⁻¹⁰	0.69%
Comando Vermelho - PCC	8.9 × 10⁻¹⁰	0.65%
AFC - Civilians	8.3 × 10⁻¹⁰	0.60%
AFP-Gutabara - CNPSC, FABB	7.8 × 10⁻¹⁰	0.56%
Indonesia: West Papua	7.1 × 10⁻¹⁰	0.52%
IS - JNIM	6.3 × 10⁻¹⁰	0.46%
Government of Mali - Civilians	5.0 × 10⁻¹⁰	0.36%
Mali: Government/Azawad	4.1 × 10⁻¹⁰	0.30%
Colombia: Government	3.8 × 10⁻¹⁰	0.28%
JNIM - Civilians	3.7 × 10⁻¹⁰	0.27%
CPP - Civilians	3.6 × 10⁻¹⁰	0.26%
OPM - Civilians	3.4 × 10⁻¹⁰	0.25%
Bonde do Maluco - Comando Vermelho	3.2 × 10⁻¹⁰	0.23%
Cartel do Norte - Comando Vermelho	2.9 × 10⁻¹⁰	0.21%
AFP-Gutabara - FABB	2.8 × 10⁻¹⁰	0.21%
FRPI - Civilians	2.3 × 10⁻¹⁰	0.17%
Bonde dos 40 - PCC	2.1 × 10⁻¹⁰	0.15%
Dan na Ambassagou - JNIM	2.1 × 10⁻¹⁰	0.15%
Mali: Islamic State	2.0 × 10⁻¹⁰	0.15%
Burundi: Government	1.8 × 10⁻¹⁰	0.13%
EGC - Civilians	1.8 × 10⁻¹⁰	0.13%
Comando Vermelho - GDE	1.6 × 10⁻¹⁰	0.11%
Nova Okaida - Estados Unidos	1.6 × 10⁻¹⁰	0.11%
Basonge - Bena Nkoma (Bakwa Luntu, Luba)	1.6 × 10⁻¹⁰	0.11%
GDE, PCC - Sindicato do Crime	1.5 × 10⁻¹⁰	0.11%
PCC - Sindicato do Crime	1.4 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Amigos Para Sempre - Família Terror Amapá	1.3 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
FDLR-FOCA - Civilians	1.3 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
FPIC Chambre noire sanduku - FRPI	1.3 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Comando Vermelho - Civilians	1.1 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Mayi Mayi Chini ya Tuna - Civilians	1.0 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Ambulin, Lungupin, Nenei, Sau, Sau Walep, Yandamau, Yopo - Kaekin, Lanzerakin, Lyona, Mupapalu, Murap, Palinau, Sakaikin, Sikin, Wapukin	9.5 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
FARC-EMC - Civilians	9.4 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
M18 - MS-13	8.7 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Government of Indonesia - Civilians	8.5 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Bonde dos 13, PCC - Comando Vermelho	8.1 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Bonde dos 40 - Comando Vermelho	8.1 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
South Sudan: Government	7.8 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Luba - Batwa	7.8 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
FARC-EMC - ELN	6.0 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Russia (Soviet Union): Government	5.8 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Comando Vermelho - Holanda	5.7 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Dozos (Mali) - JNIM	5.6 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Philippines: Mindanao	4.5 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Government of Philippines - Civilians	4.5 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Comando Vermelho - Massa	4.4 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Nova Okaida - PCC	4.2 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
FARC - Segunda Marquetalia - Civilians	4.0 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Bonde do Maluco - Katiara	4.0 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Bonde do Maluco - Civilians	4.0 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
ELN - Civilians	3.8 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Myanmar (Burma): Government	3.7 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Jalisco Cartel New Generation - Sinaloa Cartel	3.2 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Los Costenos - Los Pepes	3.2 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Dozos (Mali) - Civilians	3.2 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Bonde dos 40 - Civilians	3.1 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
MS-13 - Civilians	3.1 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
EGC - ELN, FARC-EMC	3.1 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Comando Vermelho - Terceiro Comando Puro	3.0 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
EGC - ELN	3.0 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
DR Congo (Zaire): Katanga	2.6 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Government of Uganda - Civilians	2.6 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Government of Burundi - Civilians	2.6 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Twiganeho - Civilians	2.6 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
AFC - VDP	2.6 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
M18 - Civilians	2.5 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
PCC - Civilians	2.2 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Turkey: Kurdistan	2.1 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Ajeita - Bonde do Maluco	2.0 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Dan na Ambassagou - Civilians	2.0 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Government of Brazil - Civilians	1.5 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
GATIA - IS	1.5 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Anti-Bala - Bala na Cara	1.4 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
EGC - Autodefensas Conquistadoras de la Sierra Nevada	1.3 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Government of Myanmar (Burma) - Civilians	1.3 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Bonde dos 40 - PCM	1.2 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Morocco: Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (Western Sahara)	1.1 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Government of Colombia - Civilians	1.1 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Jalisco Cartel New Generation - Santa Rosa de Lima Cartel	9.6 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Juarez Cartel - Sinaloa Cartel	8.7 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Government of Russia (Soviet Union) - Civilians	8.5 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Myanmar (Burma): Kachin	7.7 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
IS - MSA	7.3 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Carteles Unidos - Jalisco Cartel New Generation	6.5 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
CATA - Codeta	5.3 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Comandos de la Frontera - Civilians	4.7 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Myanmar (Burma): Karen	4.1 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Caborca Cartel, Sinaloa Cartel - Los Mayos - Sinaloa Cartel - Los Chapitos	3.7 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Autodefensas Conquistadoras de la Sierra Nevada - Civilians	3.6 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Government of South Africa - Civilians	3.5 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Myanmar (Burma): Karenni	3.2 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Russia: Islamic State	3.0 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Los Costenos - Civilians	2.4 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Kusasi - Mamprusi	2.2 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Myanmar (Burma): Arakan	1.7 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Cartel Independiente de Acapulco - Los Rusos, UPOEG	1.6 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Government of Papua New Guinea - Civilians	1.4 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Amigos dos Amigos - Comando Vermelho	1.2 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
FDN - PCC	1.2 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Russia (Soviet Union): Chechnya	1.2 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Myanmar (Burma): Kokang	1.1 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Sinaloa Cartel - Los Chapitos - Sinaloa Cartel - Los Mayos	1.0 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Carteles Unidos, Guerreros Unidos - Los Tlacos	9.4 × 10⁻¹³	<0.1%
Los Ardillos - Los Tlacos	6.9 × 10⁻¹³	<0.1%
Jalisco Cartel New Generation - Zetas Vieja Escuela	5.0 × 10⁻¹³	<0.1%
India: Kashmir	4.5 × 10⁻¹³	<0.1%
PKK - Civilians	3.9 × 10⁻¹³	<0.1%
Kuki - Meitei	3.9 × 10⁻¹³	<0.1%
India: Government	3.7 × 10⁻¹³	<0.1%
NUG - Civilians	3.2 × 10⁻¹³	<0.1%
CPI-Maoist - Civilians	1.6 × 10⁻¹³	<0.1%
Los Rusos, UPOEG - Los Tlacos	1.4 × 10⁻¹³	<0.1%
Jalisco Cartel New Generation - Civilians	1.3 × 10⁻¹³	<0.1%
Jalisco Cartel New Generation - Pájaros Sierra	1.2 × 10⁻¹³	<0.1%
Government of Mexico - Civilians	1.0 × 10⁻¹³	<0.1%
Los Ardillos - Los Rojos	8.6 × 10⁻¹⁴	<0.1%
Gulf Cartel - Los Zetas - Cártel del Noreste faction	8.1 × 10⁻¹⁴	<0.1%
Kashmir insurgents - Civilians	7.3 × 10⁻¹⁴	<0.1%
Myanmar (Burma): Shan	4.3 × 10⁻¹⁴	<0.1%
Hindus (India) - Muslims (India)	3.1 × 10⁻¹⁴	<0.1%
Gulf Cartel - Sinaloa Cartel	2.9 × 10⁻¹⁴	<0.1%
Gulf Cartel - Jalisco Cartel New Generation	2.9 × 10⁻¹⁴	<0.1%
Government of India - Civilians	2.7 × 10⁻¹⁴	<0.1%
ARSA - Civilians	2.1 × 10⁻¹⁴	<0.1%
India: Western South East Asia	1.5 × 10⁻¹⁴	<0.1%
VHP - Civilians	7.6 × 10⁻¹⁵	<0.1%
Guerreros Unidos - Los Tlacos	4.8 × 10⁻¹⁵	<0.1%
India - Pakistan	3.8 × 10⁻¹⁵	<0.1%
India: Nagaland	3.8 × 10⁻¹⁵	<0.1%
NSCN-IM - Civilians	3.8 × 10⁻¹⁵	<0.1%
PLFI - Civilians	3.8 × 10⁻¹⁵	<0.1%
Total	1.4 × 10⁻⁷	= the headline figure, 1.4 × 10⁻⁷

5 · The money method: which industries

The figure per €1,000, by the industry where the harm happened, anywhere in the supply chain.

5 · The money method: which industries
Industry	Part of the figure	Share
Mining and quarrying	2.6 × 10⁻⁶	83%
Crop and animal production, hunting and related service activities	1.6 × 10⁻⁷	5.0%
Land transport and transport via pipelines	7.0 × 10⁻⁸	2.2%
Water transport	6.1 × 10⁻⁸	1.9%
Manufacture of basic metals	5.1 × 10⁻⁸	1.6%
Manufacture of chemicals and chemical products	5.1 × 10⁻⁸	1.6%
Warehousing and support activities for transportation	3.1 × 10⁻⁸	0.97%
Forestry and logging	3.0 × 10⁻⁸	0.95%
Air transport	1.9 × 10⁻⁸	0.61%
Wholesale trade, except of motor vehicles and motorcycles	1.3 × 10⁻⁸	0.41%
Manufacture of coke and refined petroleum products	8.0 × 10⁻⁹	0.25%
Postal and courier activities	4.9 × 10⁻⁹	0.15%
Retail trade, except of motor vehicles and motorcycles	4.5 × 10⁻⁹	0.14%
Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	4.3 × 10⁻⁹	0.14%
Manufacture of other transport equipment	4.0 × 10⁻⁹	0.13%
Construction	3.5 × 10⁻⁹	0.11%
Water collection, treatment and supply	3.2 × 10⁻⁹	0.10%
Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply	3.2 × 10⁻⁹	0.10%
Security and investigation, service and landscape, office administrative and support activities	2.4 × 10⁻⁹	<0.1%
Rental and leasing activities	1.9 × 10⁻⁹	<0.1%
Public administration and defence; compulsory social security	1.7 × 10⁻⁹	<0.1%
Sewerage, waste management, remediation activities	1.5 × 10⁻⁹	<0.1%
Employment activities	1.2 × 10⁻⁹	<0.1%
Manufacture of rubber and plastic products	1.2 × 10⁻⁹	<0.1%
Manufacture of food products; beverages and tobacco products	1.1 × 10⁻⁹	<0.1%
Legal and accounting activities; activities of head offices; management consultancy activities	9.5 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Wholesale and retail trade and repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles	8.3 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Manufacture of paper and paper products	7.5 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Accommodation and food service activities	6.0 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Manufacture of machinery and equipment n.e.c.	5.4 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products	5.1 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Manufacture of other non-metallic mineral products	4.7 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Manufacture of motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers	3.6 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Manufacture of textiles, wearing apparel, leather and related products	3.6 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Repair and installation of machinery and equipment	3.4 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Manufacture of electrical equipment	3.0 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Architectural and engineering activities; technical testing and analysis	2.8 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Human health activities	2.7 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Advertising and market research	2.5 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Travel agency, tour operator reservation service and related activities	2.4 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Manufacture of basic pharmaceutical products and pharmaceutical preparations	2.3 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Real estate activities	2.3 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Computer programming, consultancy, and information service activities	2.2 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Repair of computers and personal and household goods	2.2 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Manufacture of wood and of products of wood and cork, except furniture; manufacture of articles of straw and plaiting materials	1.8 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Activities of membership organisations	1.7 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Fishing and aquaculture	1.6 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Other personal service activities	1.5 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Printing and reproduction of recorded media	1.4 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Financial service activities, except insurance and pension funding	1.4 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Manufacture of furniture; other manufacturing	1.1 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Other professional, scientific and technical activities; veterinary activities	1.1 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Telecommunications	1.0 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Sports activities and amusement and recreation activities	1.0 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Creative, arts and entertainment activities; libraries, archives, museums and other cultural activities; gambling and betting activities	7.8 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Education	6.1 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Motion picture, video, television programme production; programming and broadcasting activities	5.2 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Activities auxiliary to financial services and insurance activities	4.5 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Publishing activities	4.5 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security	4.1 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Scientific research and development	2.5 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Residential care activities and social work activities without accommodation	1.7 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Activities of households as employers; undifferentiated goods- and services-producing activities of households for own use	2.8 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Total	3.2 × 10⁻⁶	= the headline figure, 3.2 × 10⁻⁶

6 · The money method: which countries

The figure per €1,000, by the country of the industry where the harm happened.

6 · The money method: which countries
Country	Part of the figure	Share
Not placed	2.8 × 10⁻⁶	87%
Mexico	2.1 × 10⁻⁷	6.7%
Brazil	6.5 × 10⁻⁸	2.0%
United States	2.9 × 10⁻⁸	0.92%
Russian Federation	2.7 × 10⁻⁸	0.85%
Turkiye	1.5 × 10⁻⁸	0.46%
Canada	1.2 × 10⁻⁸	0.37%
Korea, Rep.	1.1 × 10⁻⁸	0.35%
Japan	7.9 × 10⁻⁹	0.25%
France	7.5 × 10⁻⁹	0.24%
India	5.0 × 10⁻⁹	0.16%
Argentina	4.1 × 10⁻⁹	0.13%
Germany	4.0 × 10⁻⁹	0.13%
Spain	3.1 × 10⁻⁹	<0.1%
Indonesia	3.0 × 10⁻⁹	<0.1%
Italy	3.0 × 10⁻⁹	<0.1%
Poland	1.8 × 10⁻⁹	<0.1%
Australia	1.2 × 10⁻⁹	<0.1%
Portugal	9.5 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Austria	9.4 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Czechia	7.1 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Belgium	6.8 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Bulgaria	6.5 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Netherlands	6.5 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Romania	5.4 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Hungary	4.9 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Switzerland	4.7 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Lithuania	4.5 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Denmark	4.0 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Greece	3.9 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Sweden	3.6 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Saudi Arabia	3.6 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Norway	3.1 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Finland	3.0 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Ireland	2.5 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Latvia	2.5 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Slovak Republic	1.7 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Slovenia	1.5 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Croatia	1.3 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
South Africa	9.5 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Luxembourg	6.5 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Estonia	6.1 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
United Kingdom	4.2 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Cyprus	4.0 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
China	2.9 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Malta	9.0 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Serbia	1.6 × 10⁻¹⁴	<0.1%
Total	3.2 × 10⁻⁶	= the headline figure, 3.2 × 10⁻⁶

What this trail does not show

Each table is a separate way of dividing the figure. “Cobalt accounts for 40%” and “one country accounts for 60%” are two views of one figure, not a path through it: the calculation stores the figure divided each way on its own, not every combination of them.
A range belongs to the whole figure. A step’s number is only its middle estimate.
Production phase only. Harm from using the product — driving the car, charging the phone — is not in this figure.

Sources behind this figure

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International Labour Organization, ILOSTAT. The ILO did not prepare, review or endorse these derived figures; responsibility for them rests solely with Quiescence — emp-20261007, retrieved 2026-10-06 from https://sdmx.ilo.org/rest/data/ILO,DF_EMP_TEMP_SEX_ECO_NB,1.0/.A..SEX_T.. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data modified by HumanToll.
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HumanToll 2026, run 2259, methodology v1.0. https://quiescence.eu/humantoll/explain/nmc-cathode/

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