The full breakdown

How the figure for Cotton yarn is built

Every stage the model passes through, with its number. Each table below divides the same headline figure a different way, and each one adds up to it exactly — the page checks, and refuses to show a table that does not.

Is something on this page wrong? Report it →

The headline

One item is one kilogram of spun cotton yarn. Scenario Economic-embedded, using FIGARO 2023. Each figure is the middle result of 2,000 runs of the calculation, with the range that holds nine in ten of them beside it, and the grade that range earns.

Materials method — 1.1 × 10⁻⁶ per item(0.42–2.5 × 10⁻⁶)LOWS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r

Money method — 5.5 × 10⁻⁵ per €1,000 spent in its industry(3.8–8.3 × 10⁻⁵)MEDIUMS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r

Each step below is a middle estimate. The model works out a range for the whole figure, not for each step, so the range that applies to a step is the headline’s.

1 · What it is made of, and what each material carries

How much of each raw material is in one item, the deaths linked to each kilogram of it in this calculation, and the two multiplied together: its part of the headline figure.

1 · What it is made of, and what each material carries
Material	Per item	Deaths per kg	Part of the figure	Share
Cotton	0.0030 t	3.5 × 10⁻⁷	1.1 × 10⁻⁶	100%
Total			1.1 × 10⁻⁶	= the headline figure, 1.1 × 10⁻⁶

2 · Where the harm was counted

The same headline, by the country where the harm the materials carry was counted.

2 · Where the harm was counted
Country	Part of the figure	Share
Turkiye	5.8 × 10⁻⁷	55%
United States	1.6 × 10⁻⁷	15%
Argentina	8.4 × 10⁻⁸	8.0%
Burkina Faso	4.7 × 10⁻⁸	4.5%
Spain	4.6 × 10⁻⁸	4.4%
Australia	4.0 × 10⁻⁸	3.8%
Colombia	2.2 × 10⁻⁸	2.1%
Greece	1.4 × 10⁻⁸	1.3%
Mali	1.1 × 10⁻⁸	1.0%
Israel	8.8 × 10⁻⁹	0.84%
Sudan	7.6 × 10⁻⁹	0.72%
Mexico	5.6 × 10⁻⁹	0.53%
Pakistan	4.7 × 10⁻⁹	0.45%
Brazil	4.1 × 10⁻⁹	0.39%
Cameroon	3.5 × 10⁻⁹	0.33%
Myanmar	2.6 × 10⁻⁹	0.25%
Syrian Arab Republic	2.2 × 10⁻⁹	0.21%
Ethiopia	2.2 × 10⁻⁹	0.21%
Nigeria	1.1 × 10⁻⁹	0.10%
Somalia, Fed. Rep.	9.8 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Benin	9.6 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Central African Republic	9.5 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
India	9.0 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Afghanistan	8.5 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Uzbekistan	8.1 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Azerbaijan	4.0 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Congo, Dem. Rep.	3.4 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Togo	2.6 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Chad	1.6 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Thailand	1.4 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Mozambique	1.3 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Niger	1.0 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Uganda	9.2 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Turkmenistan	8.7 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Yemen, Rep.	7.0 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Haiti	4.7 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Burundi	8.9 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Honduras	8.3 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Ecuador	8.3 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Kenya	5.2 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Egypt, Arab Rep.	2.8 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Ghana	1.9 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Iran, Islamic Rep.	1.7 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Bangladesh	1.1 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Peru	7.5 × 10⁻¹³	<0.1%
China	7.2 × 10⁻¹³	<0.1%
Eswatini	6.5 × 10⁻¹³	<0.1%
Guatemala	5.6 × 10⁻¹³	<0.1%
Tunisia	3.7 × 10⁻¹³	<0.1%
Costa Rica	2.5 × 10⁻¹³	<0.1%
South Africa	2.4 × 10⁻¹³	<0.1%
Venezuela, RB	2.0 × 10⁻¹³	<0.1%
Bolivia	4.0 × 10⁻¹⁴	<0.1%
Philippines	3.3 × 10⁻¹⁴	<0.1%
Morocco	8.6 × 10⁻¹⁵	<0.1%
Algeria	1.2 × 10⁻¹⁶	<0.1%
Total	1.1 × 10⁻⁶	= the headline figure, 1.1 × 10⁻⁶

3 · Through which kind of harm

The same headline, by kind of harm: war, work, poverty, pollution.

3 · Through which kind of harm
Kind of harm	Part of the figure	Share
Work	9.5 × 10⁻⁷	90%
Conflict and political violence	1.0 × 10⁻⁷	9.8%
Total	1.1 × 10⁻⁶	= the headline figure, 1.1 × 10⁻⁶

4 · Which wars

The war deaths in the headline, by war. Harm of any other kind is the row that names no war.

4 · Which wars
War	Part of the figure	Share
Not placed	9.5 × 10⁻⁷	90%
Burkina Faso: Government	2.9 × 10⁻⁸	2.7%
JNIM - Civilians	8.1 × 10⁻⁹	0.77%
Burkina Faso: Islamic State	5.8 × 10⁻⁹	0.56%
Israel: Palestine	5.3 × 10⁻⁹	0.50%
Sudan: Government	4.9 × 10⁻⁹	0.47%
Mali: Government	4.2 × 10⁻⁹	0.40%
Pakistan: Government	3.4 × 10⁻⁹	0.33%
Government of Burkina Faso - Civilians	3.1 × 10⁻⁹	0.29%
IS - JNIM	2.8 × 10⁻⁹	0.27%
IS - Civilians	2.8 × 10⁻⁹	0.26%
Jalisco Cartel New Generation - Sinaloa Cartel	2.2 × 10⁻⁹	0.21%
RSF - Civilians	2.1 × 10⁻⁹	0.20%
Myanmar (Burma): Government	1.5 × 10⁻⁹	0.14%
Comando Vermelho - PCC	1.2 × 10⁻⁹	0.11%
Ethiopia: Government/Amhara	1.1 × 10⁻⁹	0.11%
Government of Mali - Civilians	1.1 × 10⁻⁹	0.10%
Cameroon: Ambazonia	1.1 × 10⁻⁹	0.10%
Jalisco Cartel New Generation - Santa Rosa de Lima Cartel	9.5 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Somalia: Government	9.0 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Mali: Government/Azawad	8.8 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Mali: Islamic State	8.7 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Syria: Government	8.7 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Juarez Cartel - Sinaloa Cartel	8.6 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Carteles Unidos - Jalisco Cartel New Generation	6.5 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
JAS - Civilians	6.3 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Cameroon: Government	6.2 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Benin: Government	5.9 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Ambazonia insurgents - Civilians	5.7 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Central African Republic: Government	5.6 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Government of Myanmar (Burma) - Civilians	5.1 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Syria: Islamic State	5.1 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Dan na Ambassagou - JNIM	4.4 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Pakistan: Balochistan	4.4 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Bonde do Maluco - Comando Vermelho	4.2 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Ethiopia: Oromiya	4.2 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Cartel do Norte - Comando Vermelho	3.9 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Nigeria: Islamic State	3.8 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Caborca Cartel, Sinaloa Cartel - Los Mayos - Sinaloa Cartel - Los Chapitos	3.7 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Afghanistan: Islamic State	3.6 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Pakistan: Islamic State	3.4 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Cameroon: Islamic State	2.9 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
SNA - SDF	2.8 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Azerbaijan: Artsakh (Nagorno-Karabakh)	2.8 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Turkey: Kurdistan	2.8 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Bonde dos 40 - PCC	2.7 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
India: Kashmir	2.6 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Myanmar (Burma): Kachin	2.5 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Beni Halba Baggara - Salamat Baggara	2.3 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Kuki - Meitei	2.3 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
AAKG - CPC	2.2 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
India: Government	2.1 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Comando Vermelho - GDE	2.1 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Nova Okaida - Estados Unidos	2.1 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
GDE, PCC - Sindicato do Crime	2.0 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Afghanistan: Government	1.8 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
PCC - Sindicato do Crime	1.8 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Amigos Para Sempre - Família Terror Amapá	1.8 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Iran - Israel	1.8 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Government of Ethiopia - Civilians	1.7 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Myanmar (Burma): Karen	1.6 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Cartel Independiente de Acapulco - Los Rusos, UPOEG	1.6 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Habaniya - Salamat Baggara	1.6 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Nigeria: Government	1.5 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Comando Vermelho - Civilians	1.5 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Government of Cameroon - Civilians	1.4 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
OLA - Civilians	1.3 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Hamas - Civilians	1.3 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
IS - SDF	1.3 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Myanmar (Burma): Karenni	1.3 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Dozos (Mali) - JNIM	1.2 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Fano - Civilians	1.2 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Shia (Pakistan) - Sunni (Pakistan)	1.2 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Anuak - Nuer	1.1 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Arab - Gimir	1.1 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Bonde dos 13, PCC - Comando Vermelho	1.1 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Bonde dos 40 - Comando Vermelho	1.1 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Deir ez Zor Military Council - SDF	1.0 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Sinaloa Cartel - Los Chapitos - Sinaloa Cartel - Los Mayos	1.0 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Togo: Government	1.0 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Government of Afghanistan - Civilians	9.6 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
CPI-Maoist - Civilians	9.5 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Carteles Unidos, Guerreros Unidos - Los Tlacos	9.4 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
IS - JAS	9.2 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Chad: Government	8.7 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Mozambique: Islamic State	8.3 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Comités locaux de vigilance - JAS	8.2 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Comando Vermelho - Holanda	7.6 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Central African Republic: Logone	6.9 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Myanmar (Burma): Arakan	6.9 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Los Ardillos - Los Tlacos	6.8 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Dozos (Mali) - Civilians	6.8 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
SSC-Khatumo Administration - Republic of Somaliland	6.7 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Farmers (Chad) - Herders (Chad)	6.4 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
CPC - Civilians	6.2 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Yemen (North Yemen): Government	6.0 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Comando Vermelho - Massa	5.8 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Nova Okaida - PCC	5.6 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
URDPC - Civilians	5.5 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Niger: Islamic State	5.4 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Fulani - Mwaghavul	5.3 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Bonde do Maluco - Katiara	5.3 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Bonde do Maluco - Civilians	5.3 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Jalisco Cartel New Generation - Zetas Vieja Escuela	5.0 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Fulani - Mwaghavul , Ron	4.9 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Twic Dinka - Ngok Dinka	4.8 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
BRAS - Civilians	4.8 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Fulani - Tiv	4.7 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Syria: Government/Rojava Kurdistan	4.4 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Myanmar (Burma): Kokang	4.2 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Kashmir insurgents - Civilians	4.2 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Dan na Ambassagou - Civilians	4.2 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Afghanistan - Pakistan	4.2 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Bonde dos 40 - Civilians	4.1 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Farmers (Nigeria) - Herders (Nigeria)	4.0 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Comando Vermelho - Terceiro Comando Puro	3.9 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Lengola - Mbole	3.6 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Arab - Masalit	3.5 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
GATIA - IS	3.1 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Amhara - Oromo	3.1 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
PCC - Civilians	3.0 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Nigeria: Biafra	2.8 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
TTP - Civilians	2.8 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Ajeita - Bonde do Maluco	2.6 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Uganda: Islamic State	2.6 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Government of Rwanda - Civilians	2.5 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
DR Congo (Zaire): Government	2.5 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
DR Congo (Zaire): Islamic State	2.5 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Hausa - Nuba	2.2 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Government of Pakistan - Civilians	2.2 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Birom - Fulani	2.1 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Government of Central African Republic - Civilians	2.0 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Government of Brazil - Civilians	2.0 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Israel - Syria	1.9 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Atyap - Fulani	1.8 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Anti-Bala - Bala na Cara	1.8 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Hindus (India) - Muslims (India)	1.8 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Karimjo - Wurukum	1.7 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Bonde dos 40 - PCM	1.6 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Black Axe - Eyie	1.6 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
EGC - Civilians	1.6 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
IS - MSA	1.6 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
M23 - VDP	1.6 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Government of India - Civilians	1.5 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Mobondo - Civilians	1.5 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Los Rusos, UPOEG - Los Tlacos	1.4 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Forces of Terwase Akwanza - Civilians	1.4 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
IS - Naparama	1.4 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Guraghe - Mareqo	1.4 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Fulani - Idoma	1.3 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
NUG - Civilians	1.3 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Jalisco Cartel New Generation - Civilians	1.3 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Fulani - Kuteb	1.3 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
M23 - Civilians	1.2 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Jalisco Cartel New Generation - Pájaros Sierra	1.2 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Rwanda: Government	1.1 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Niger: Government	1.0 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Government of Mexico - Civilians	1.0 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Syrian insurgents - Civilians	9.9 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Government of DR Congo (Zaire) - Civilians	9.8 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Al-Shabaab - Civilians	9.3 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Murle - Nuer	9.1 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Government of Israel - Civilians	9.0 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Hawazma - Nuba	9.0 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Colombia: Government	8.9 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Government of Nigeria - Civilians	8.8 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
India: Western South East Asia	8.8 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Los Ardillos - Los Rojos	8.6 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Government of Haiti - Civilians	8.6 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
FARC-EMC - Civilians	8.4 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Gulf Cartel - Los Zetas - Cártel del Noreste faction	8.1 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Hausa - Funj	8.1 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
AQAP - Forces of the Presidential Leadership Council	8.0 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
G9 - G-Pep	7.8 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
SDF - Civilians	7.7 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Chain Guys - Full Force	7.4 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Terre Noire - Civilians	7.3 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Government of Sudan - Civilians	7.2 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
5 Segond, Taliban - Civilians	7.1 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
M18 - MS-13	7.0 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Grand Ravine - Civilians	6.6 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Burundi: Government	6.6 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Government of Mozambique - Civilians	6.1 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Choa Arab - Kotoko	5.5 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Choa Arab - Musgum	5.5 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
FARC-EMC - ELN	5.4 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
PKK - Civilians	5.3 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
G-Pep - Civilians	5.0 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
URDPC - Zaire self-defense group	5.0 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Sa'ad subclan of Habar Gidir clan (Hawiye) - Leelkase subclan (Darod)	4.6 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Kenya: Northeastern Province and Coast	4.6 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Farmers (CAR) - Herders (CAR)	4.4 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
AAKG - Civilians	4.4 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
VHP - Civilians	4.4 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Zaire self-defense group - Civilians	4.4 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
VDP - Civilians	4.2 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Hausa - Fulani	4.2 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Israel: Southern Lebanon	4.1 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Djerma (Zherma) - Fulani	4.0 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
LeJ - Civilians	4.0 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
FARC - Segunda Marquetalia - Civilians	3.6 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Somalia: Islamic State	3.5 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
ELN - Civilians	3.4 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
FPIC Chambre noire sanduku - URDPC	3.2 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
FPIC Chambre noire sanduku - Civilians	3.2 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Fulani - Irigwe	2.9 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Los Costenos - Los Pepes	2.9 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Gulf Cartel - Sinaloa Cartel	2.9 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Gulf Cartel - Jalisco Cartel New Generation	2.9 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Government of Burundi - Civilians	2.8 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
EGC - ELN, FARC-EMC	2.8 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Amhara - Gumuz	2.7 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
EGC - ELN	2.7 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Los Choneros - Los Lobos	2.6 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Fulani - Igala	2.5 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Government of Egypt - Civilians	2.3 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
AFC - Civilians	2.3 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Greenlanders - NDV	2.2 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Black Axe - Maphite	2.2 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
India - Pakistan	2.2 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
India: Nagaland	2.2 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
NSCN-IM - Civilians	2.2 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
PLFI - Civilians	2.2 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
AFP-Gutabara - CNPSC, FABB	2.2 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Kusasi - Mamprusi	1.9 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Gran Grif - Civilians	1.9 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
400 Mawozo - Civilians	1.9 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Misseriya - Ngok Dinka	1.8 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Myanmar (Burma): Shan	1.7 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
ARSA - Civilians	1.7 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Amigos dos Amigos - Comando Vermelho	1.6 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
FDN - PCC	1.6 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
M18 - Civilians	1.5 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Supporters of APC - Supporters of PDP	1.5 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Iran: Government	1.4 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
United Kingdom, United States of America - Yemen	1.3 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Black Axe - SVC	1.2 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
IPOB - Civilians	1.2 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
EGC - Autodefensas Conquistadoras de la Sierra Nevada	1.2 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
IS - HTS	1.1 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Fatales, Los Aguilas - Los Lobos , Los Tiguerones	1.1 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Agatu - Fulani	9.8 × 10⁻¹³	<0.1%
IS - Yan Gora	9.8 × 10⁻¹³	<0.1%
Deebam - NDV	9.8 × 10⁻¹³	<0.1%
Government of Colombia - Civilians	9.6 × 10⁻¹³	<0.1%
Government of Somalia - Civilians	9.3 × 10⁻¹³	<0.1%
Los Chone Killers - Latin Kings	9.2 × 10⁻¹³	<0.1%
Government of Yemen (North Yemen) - Civilians	9.0 × 10⁻¹³	<0.1%
Los Aguilas - Los Lobos	8.1 × 10⁻¹³	<0.1%
AFP-Gutabara - FABB	7.9 × 10⁻¹³	<0.1%
Peru: Government	7.5 × 10⁻¹³	<0.1%
Los Choneros - Los Lagartos	7.3 × 10⁻¹³	<0.1%
Los Lobos - Los Tiguerones	7.2 × 10⁻¹³	<0.1%
Los Lagartos - Mafia 18	7.2 × 10⁻¹³	<0.1%
Government of eSwatini (Swaziland) - Civilians	6.5 × 10⁻¹³	<0.1%
FRPI - Civilians	6.5 × 10⁻¹³	<0.1%
DZ Mafia - Yoda	5.7 × 10⁻¹³	<0.1%
Los Aguilas - Los Lobos , Los Tiguerones	5.5 × 10⁻¹³	<0.1%
Jukun - Tiv	4.9 × 10⁻¹³	<0.1%
Guerreros Unidos - Los Tlacos	4.8 × 10⁻¹³	<0.1%
Egypt: Islamic State	4.7 × 10⁻¹³	<0.1%
Al-Shabaab - IS	4.6 × 10⁻¹³	<0.1%
Basonge - Bena Nkoma (Bakwa Luntu, Luba)	4.3 × 10⁻¹³	<0.1%
Comandos de la Frontera - Civilians	4.3 × 10⁻¹³	<0.1%
Tunisia: Government	3.7 × 10⁻¹³	<0.1%
FDLR-FOCA - Civilians	3.6 × 10⁻¹³	<0.1%
FPIC Chambre noire sanduku - FRPI	3.6 × 10⁻¹³	<0.1%
Autodefensas Conquistadoras de la Sierra Nevada - Civilians	3.2 × 10⁻¹³	<0.1%
MS-13 - Civilians	3.2 × 10⁻¹³	<0.1%
Mayi Mayi Chini ya Tuna - Civilians	2.9 × 10⁻¹³	<0.1%
Forces of Tony Peña - Los Hondureños	2.5 × 10⁻¹³	<0.1%
South Sudan: Government	2.2 × 10⁻¹³	<0.1%
Luba - Batwa	2.2 × 10⁻¹³	<0.1%
Los Costenos - Civilians	2.1 × 10⁻¹³	<0.1%
Kokorat sans ras - Civilians	2.0 × 10⁻¹³	<0.1%
Supporters of Awami League - Supporters of BNP	1.8 × 10⁻¹³	<0.1%
Government of Venezuela - Civilians	1.6 × 10⁻¹³	<0.1%
Thailand: Patani	1.6 × 10⁻¹³	<0.1%
Iran: Islamic State	1.6 × 10⁻¹³	<0.1%
CATA - Codeta	1.5 × 10⁻¹³	<0.1%
Government of Iran - Civilians	1.2 × 10⁻¹³	<0.1%
Government of South Africa - Civilians	9.8 × 10⁻¹⁴	<0.1%
Supporters of Awami League - Supporters of Jamaat-e-Islami	9.2 × 10⁻¹⁴	<0.1%
DR Congo (Zaire): Katanga	7.2 × 10⁻¹⁴	<0.1%
Government of Uganda - Civilians	7.2 × 10⁻¹⁴	<0.1%
Twiganeho - Civilians	7.2 × 10⁻¹⁴	<0.1%
AFC - VDP	7.2 × 10⁻¹⁴	<0.1%
RED-TABARA - Civilians	7.1 × 10⁻¹⁴	<0.1%
Los Lobos - R7	6.1 × 10⁻¹⁴	<0.1%
Philippines: Government	2.0 × 10⁻¹⁴	<0.1%
Philippines: Islamic State	9.7 × 10⁻¹⁵	<0.1%
Morocco: Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (Western Sahara)	8.6 × 10⁻¹⁵	<0.1%
Patani insurgents - Civilians	5.3 × 10⁻¹⁵	<0.1%
CPP - Civilians	2.0 × 10⁻¹⁵	<0.1%
Philippines: Mindanao	2.5 × 10⁻¹⁶	<0.1%
Government of Philippines - Civilians	2.5 × 10⁻¹⁶	<0.1%
Algeria: Government	1.2 × 10⁻¹⁶	<0.1%
Total	1.1 × 10⁻⁶	= the headline figure, 1.1 × 10⁻⁶

5 · The money method: which industries

The figure per €1,000, by the industry where the harm happened, anywhere in the supply chain.

5 · The money method: which industries
Industry	Part of the figure	Share
Manufacture of textiles, wearing apparel, leather and related products	3.0 × 10⁻⁵	56%
Mining and quarrying	3.2 × 10⁻⁶	5.8%
Wholesale trade, except of motor vehicles and motorcycles	2.9 × 10⁻⁶	5.3%
Crop and animal production, hunting and related service activities	2.2 × 10⁻⁶	4.1%
Manufacture of chemicals and chemical products	1.8 × 10⁻⁶	3.2%
Land transport and transport via pipelines	1.6 × 10⁻⁶	3.0%
Warehousing and support activities for transportation	1.1 × 10⁻⁶	2.0%
Security and investigation, service and landscape, office administrative and support activities	1.1 × 10⁻⁶	2.0%
Retail trade, except of motor vehicles and motorcycles	1.1 × 10⁻⁶	2.0%
Rental and leasing activities	5.6 × 10⁻⁷	1.0%
Employment activities	5.4 × 10⁻⁷	0.98%
Construction	5.3 × 10⁻⁷	0.97%
Manufacture of food products; beverages and tobacco products	5.1 × 10⁻⁷	0.94%
Manufacture of rubber and plastic products	5.1 × 10⁻⁷	0.92%
Accommodation and food service activities	5.0 × 10⁻⁷	0.91%
Water transport	4.9 × 10⁻⁷	0.90%
Manufacture of coke and refined petroleum products	4.3 × 10⁻⁷	0.78%
Manufacture of basic metals	4.1 × 10⁻⁷	0.76%
Manufacture of paper and paper products	3.7 × 10⁻⁷	0.68%
Sewerage, waste management, remediation activities	3.6 × 10⁻⁷	0.66%
Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	2.9 × 10⁻⁷	0.54%
Legal and accounting activities; activities of head offices; management consultancy activities	2.6 × 10⁻⁷	0.48%
Wholesale and retail trade and repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles	2.5 × 10⁻⁷	0.45%
Air transport	2.4 × 10⁻⁷	0.43%
Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply	2.3 × 10⁻⁷	0.41%
Manufacture of machinery and equipment n.e.c.	2.0 × 10⁻⁷	0.36%
Postal and courier activities	1.9 × 10⁻⁷	0.34%
Repair and installation of machinery and equipment	1.6 × 10⁻⁷	0.29%
Manufacture of other non-metallic mineral products	1.5 × 10⁻⁷	0.28%
Manufacture of motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers	1.5 × 10⁻⁷	0.28%
Forestry and logging	1.4 × 10⁻⁷	0.25%
Manufacture of electrical equipment	1.4 × 10⁻⁷	0.25%
Public administration and defence; compulsory social security	1.2 × 10⁻⁷	0.23%
Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products	1.2 × 10⁻⁷	0.22%
Manufacture of furniture; other manufacturing	1.1 × 10⁻⁷	0.20%
Architectural and engineering activities; technical testing and analysis	9.8 × 10⁻⁸	0.18%
Water collection, treatment and supply	9.7 × 10⁻⁸	0.18%
Travel agency, tour operator reservation service and related activities	9.4 × 10⁻⁸	0.17%
Human health activities	9.3 × 10⁻⁸	0.17%
Printing and reproduction of recorded media	8.4 × 10⁻⁸	0.15%
Advertising and market research	8.0 × 10⁻⁸	0.15%
Other professional, scientific and technical activities; veterinary activities	8.0 × 10⁻⁸	0.15%
Manufacture of wood and of products of wood and cork, except furniture; manufacture of articles of straw and plaiting materials	8.0 × 10⁻⁸	0.15%
Manufacture of basic pharmaceutical products and pharmaceutical preparations	7.1 × 10⁻⁸	0.13%
Financial service activities, except insurance and pension funding	6.6 × 10⁻⁸	0.12%
Computer programming, consultancy, and information service activities	5.7 × 10⁻⁸	0.10%
Manufacture of other transport equipment	5.6 × 10⁻⁸	0.10%
Real estate activities	5.5 × 10⁻⁸	0.10%
Activities of membership organisations	4.4 × 10⁻⁸	<0.1%
Repair of computers and personal and household goods	3.6 × 10⁻⁸	<0.1%
Creative, arts and entertainment activities; libraries, archives, museums and other cultural activities; gambling and betting activities	3.6 × 10⁻⁸	<0.1%
Sports activities and amusement and recreation activities	3.5 × 10⁻⁸	<0.1%
Other personal service activities	3.3 × 10⁻⁸	<0.1%
Education	3.3 × 10⁻⁸	<0.1%
Telecommunications	3.1 × 10⁻⁸	<0.1%
Residential care activities and social work activities without accommodation	2.9 × 10⁻⁸	<0.1%
Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security	1.7 × 10⁻⁸	<0.1%
Activities auxiliary to financial services and insurance activities	1.6 × 10⁻⁸	<0.1%
Fishing and aquaculture	1.4 × 10⁻⁸	<0.1%
Scientific research and development	1.1 × 10⁻⁸	<0.1%
Motion picture, video, television programme production; programming and broadcasting activities	1.0 × 10⁻⁸	<0.1%
Publishing activities	9.9 × 10⁻⁹	<0.1%
Activities of households as employers; undifferentiated goods- and services-producing activities of households for own use	2.4 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Total	5.5 × 10⁻⁵	= the headline figure, 5.5 × 10⁻⁵

6 · The money method: which countries

The figure per €1,000, by the country of the industry where the harm happened.

6 · The money method: which countries
Country	Part of the figure	Share
Turkiye	2.2 × 10⁻⁵	40%
Not placed	1.2 × 10⁻⁵	23%
Italy	4.1 × 10⁻⁶	7.6%
Spain	2.7 × 10⁻⁶	4.9%
Germany	2.4 × 10⁻⁶	4.5%
France	2.1 × 10⁻⁶	3.8%
Argentina	2.1 × 10⁻⁶	3.8%
Portugal	1.6 × 10⁻⁶	3.0%
United States	1.6 × 10⁻⁶	2.9%
Canada	5.5 × 10⁻⁷	1.0%
Japan	4.5 × 10⁻⁷	0.82%
Poland	3.0 × 10⁻⁷	0.55%
Switzerland	2.8 × 10⁻⁷	0.51%
Australia	2.8 × 10⁻⁷	0.51%
Netherlands	2.6 × 10⁻⁷	0.47%
Belgium	2.1 × 10⁻⁷	0.38%
Austria	1.7 × 10⁻⁷	0.31%
Czechia	1.6 × 10⁻⁷	0.29%
Mexico	1.4 × 10⁻⁷	0.26%
Denmark	1.1 × 10⁻⁷	0.20%
Hungary	9.6 × 10⁻⁸	0.17%
Finland	8.8 × 10⁻⁸	0.16%
Slovenia	8.4 × 10⁻⁸	0.15%
Sweden	8.4 × 10⁻⁸	0.15%
Brazil	8.1 × 10⁻⁸	0.15%
Croatia	5.8 × 10⁻⁸	0.11%
Ireland	5.3 × 10⁻⁸	<0.1%
Lithuania	3.7 × 10⁻⁸	<0.1%
Estonia	3.7 × 10⁻⁸	<0.1%
Slovak Republic	3.5 × 10⁻⁸	<0.1%
Romania	3.4 × 10⁻⁸	<0.1%
Norway	2.7 × 10⁻⁸	<0.1%
Luxembourg	2.5 × 10⁻⁸	<0.1%
India	2.4 × 10⁻⁸	<0.1%
Greece	2.1 × 10⁻⁸	<0.1%
Bulgaria	2.1 × 10⁻⁸	<0.1%
Latvia	1.3 × 10⁻⁸	<0.1%
Russian Federation	1.0 × 10⁻⁸	<0.1%
Malta	4.2 × 10⁻⁹	<0.1%
Indonesia	4.1 × 10⁻⁹	<0.1%
Cyprus	2.7 × 10⁻⁹	<0.1%
Saudi Arabia	2.7 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
South Africa	1.3 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
China	9.3 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Korea, Rep.	5.1 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
United Kingdom	4.5 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Serbia	3.7 × 10⁻¹⁴	<0.1%
Total	5.5 × 10⁻⁵	= the headline figure, 5.5 × 10⁻⁵

What this trail does not show

Each table is a separate way of dividing the figure. “Cobalt accounts for 40%” and “one country accounts for 60%” are two views of one figure, not a path through it: the calculation stores the figure divided each way on its own, not every combination of them.
A range belongs to the whole figure. A step’s number is only its middle estimate.
Production phase only. Harm from using the product — driving the car, charging the phone — is not in this figure.

Sources behind this figure

CEPII, BACI — Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level, CEPII Working Paper 2010-23. CEPII did not endorse these derived figures — HS92_V202601-20260130, retrieved 2026-09-29 from https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/data/BACI_HS92_V202601.zip. Licensed under Open Licence 2.0 (Licence Ouverte, Etalab) (https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf).
Eurostat, Euro/ECU exchange rates - annual data (ert_bil_eur_a) — ert_bil_eur_a-USD-20261006, retrieved 2026-10-06 from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/sdmx/2.1/data/ert_bil_eur_a/A.AVG.NAC.USD?format=SDMX-CSV&startPeriod=1995. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data modified by HumanToll.
Eurostat, European Commission — esaw-fatal-20260910, retrieved 2026-09-10 from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/sdmx/2.1/data/hsw_n2_02?format=SDMX-CSV. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data modified by HumanToll.
Eurostat, European Commission — esaw-fatal-20261006, retrieved 2026-10-06 from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/sdmx/2.1/data/hsw_n2_02?format=SDMX-CSV. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data modified by HumanToll.
Eurostat, European Commission — esaw-non_fatal-20260910, retrieved 2026-09-10 from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/sdmx/2.1/data/hsw_n2_01?format=SDMX-CSV. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data modified by HumanToll.
Eurostat, European Commission — esaw-non_fatal-20261006, retrieved 2026-10-06 from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/sdmx/2.1/data/hsw_n2_01?format=SDMX-CSV. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data modified by HumanToll.
Eurostat, FIGARO inter-country input-output tables — ii1-20260718, retrieved 2026-09-29 from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/sdmx/2.1/data/naio_10_fcp_ii1?format=SDMX-CSV&compressed=true. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data modified by HumanToll.
Eurostat, FIGARO inter-country input-output tables — ii2-20260718, retrieved 2026-09-29 from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/sdmx/2.1/data/naio_10_fcp_ii2?format=SDMX-CSV&compressed=true. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data modified by HumanToll.
Eurostat, FIGARO inter-country input-output tables — ii3-20260718, retrieved 2026-09-29 from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/sdmx/2.1/data/naio_10_fcp_ii3?format=SDMX-CSV&compressed=true. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data modified by HumanToll.
Eurostat, FIGARO inter-country input-output tables — ii4-20260720, retrieved 2026-09-29 from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/sdmx/2.1/data/naio_10_fcp_ii4?format=SDMX-CSV&compressed=true. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data modified by HumanToll.
FAO. AQUASTAT, FAO's Global Information System on Water and Agriculture: municipal water withdrawal. Licence: CC-BY-4.0. FAO endorsement of these derived figures is neither stated nor implied — ds-20260713, retrieved 2026-10-06 from https://api.data.apps.fao.org/api/v2/bigquery. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data modified by HumanToll.
FAO. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, FAOSTAT. Licence: CC-BY-4.0. FAO endorsement of these derived figures is neither stated nor implied — fo-20260109, retrieved 2026-09-29 from https://bulks-faostat.fao.org/production/Forestry_E_All_Data_(Normalized).zip. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data modified by HumanToll.
FAO. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, FAOSTAT. Licence: CC-BY-4.0. FAO endorsement of these derived figures is neither stated nor implied — qcl-20251231, retrieved 2026-09-29 from https://bulks-faostat.fao.org/production/Production_Crops_Livestock_E_All_Data_(Normalized).zip. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data modified by HumanToll.
FAO. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, FAOSTAT. Licence: CC-BY-4.0. FAO endorsement of these derived figures is neither stated nor implied — rfb-20260730, retrieved 2026-09-29 from https://bulks-faostat.fao.org/production/Inputs_FertilizersProduct_E_All_Data_(Normalized).zip. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data modified by HumanToll.
FAO. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, FAOSTAT. Licence: CC-BY-4.0. FAO endorsement of these derived figures is neither stated nor implied — rl-20261002, retrieved 2026-10-06 from https://bulks-faostat.fao.org/production/Inputs_LandUse_E_All_Data_(Normalized).zip. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data modified by HumanToll.
Information from the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) — arms-register-1950-2025, retrieved 2026-09-29 from https://atbackend.sipri.org/api/p/trades/trade-register-csv/. Used under SIPRI terms and conditions — fair-use policy; see https://www.sipri.org/about/terms-and-conditions.
Information from the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) — milex-1949-2025-v1.2, retrieved 2026-09-29 from https://www.sipri.org/sites/default/files/SIPRI-Milex-data-1949-2025_v1.2.xlsx. Used under SIPRI terms and conditions — fair-use policy; see https://www.sipri.org/about/terms-and-conditions.
International Labour Organization, ILOSTAT. The ILO did not prepare, review or endorse these derived figures; responsibility for them rests solely with Quiescence — emp-20261006, retrieved 2026-10-06 from https://sdmx.ilo.org/rest/data/ILO,DF_EMP_TEMP_SEX_ECO_NB,1.0/.A..SEX_T.. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data modified by HumanToll.
International Labour Organization, ILOSTAT. The ILO did not prepare, review or endorse these derived figures; responsibility for them rests solely with Quiescence — emp-20261007, retrieved 2026-10-06 from https://sdmx.ilo.org/rest/data/ILO,DF_EMP_TEMP_SEX_ECO_NB,1.0/.A..SEX_T.. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data modified by HumanToll.
International Labour Organization, ILOSTAT. The ILO did not prepare, review or endorse these derived figures; responsibility for them rests solely with Quiescence — fatal-20261006, retrieved 2026-10-06 from https://sdmx.ilo.org/rest/data/ILO,DF_INJ_FATL_ECO_NB,1.0/all. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data modified by HumanToll.
International Labour Organization, ILOSTAT. The ILO did not prepare, review or endorse these derived figures; responsibility for them rests solely with Quiescence — non_fatal-20261006, retrieved 2026-10-06 from https://sdmx.ilo.org/rest/data/ILO,DF_INJ_NFTL_ECO_NB,1.0/all. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data modified by HumanToll.
OECD. (2025) OECD Inter-Country Input-Output Tables, https://oe.cd/icio — 1995-2000_SML-20260112, retrieved 2026-09-22 from https://webfs-sti.oecd.org/files/STI-PIE/ICIO/2025/1995-2000_SML.zip. Used under OECD Terms and Conditions — section 3, Data; see https://www.oecd.org/en/about/terms-conditions.html.
OECD. (2025) OECD Inter-Country Input-Output Tables, https://oe.cd/icio — 2001-2005_SML-20260112, retrieved 2026-09-22 from https://webfs-sti.oecd.org/files/STI-PIE/ICIO/2025/2001-2005_SML.zip. Used under OECD Terms and Conditions — section 3, Data; see https://www.oecd.org/en/about/terms-conditions.html.
OECD. (2025) OECD Inter-Country Input-Output Tables, https://oe.cd/icio — 2006-2010_SML-20260112, retrieved 2026-09-22 from https://webfs-sti.oecd.org/files/STI-PIE/ICIO/2025/2006-2010_SML.zip. Used under OECD Terms and Conditions — section 3, Data; see https://www.oecd.org/en/about/terms-conditions.html.
OECD. (2025) OECD Inter-Country Input-Output Tables, https://oe.cd/icio — 2011-2015_SML-20260112, retrieved 2026-09-22 from https://webfs-sti.oecd.org/files/STI-PIE/ICIO/2025/2011-2015_SML.zip. Used under OECD Terms and Conditions — section 3, Data; see https://www.oecd.org/en/about/terms-conditions.html.
OECD. (2025) OECD Inter-Country Input-Output Tables, https://oe.cd/icio — 2016-2022_SML-20260112, retrieved 2026-09-22 from https://webfs-sti.oecd.org/files/STI-PIE/ICIO/2025/2016-2022_SML.zip. Used under OECD Terms and Conditions — section 3, Data; see https://www.oecd.org/en/about/terms-conditions.html.
Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, International Energy Statistics — intl-20261003, retrieved 2026-10-06 from https://www.eia.gov/opendata/bulk/INTL.zip. Used under U.S. Government work — public domain (EIA Copyrights and Reuse); see https://www.eia.gov/about/copyrights_reuse.php.
U.S. Geological Survey, National Minerals Information Center, Mineral Commodity Summaries — MCS2012-PDF, retrieved 2026-10-06 from https://d9-wret.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/assets/palladium/production/mineral-pubs/mcs/mcs2012.pdf. Used under U.S. Government work — public domain (USGS Copyrights and Credits); see https://www.usgs.gov/information-policies-and-instructions/copyrights-and-credits.
U.S. Geological Survey, National Minerals Information Center, Mineral Commodity Summaries — MCS2013-PDF, retrieved 2026-10-06 from https://d9-wret.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/assets/palladium/production/mineral-pubs/mcs/mcs2013.pdf. Used under U.S. Government work — public domain (USGS Copyrights and Credits); see https://www.usgs.gov/information-policies-and-instructions/copyrights-and-credits.
U.S. Geological Survey, National Minerals Information Center, Mineral Commodity Summaries — MCS2014-PDF, retrieved 2026-10-06 from https://d9-wret.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/assets/palladium/production/mineral-pubs/mcs/mcs2014.pdf. Used under U.S. Government work — public domain (USGS Copyrights and Credits); see https://www.usgs.gov/information-policies-and-instructions/copyrights-and-credits.
U.S. Geological Survey, National Minerals Information Center, Mineral Commodity Summaries — MCS2015-PDF, retrieved 2026-10-06 from https://d9-wret.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/assets/palladium/production/mineral-pubs/mcs/mcs2015.pdf. Used under U.S. Government work — public domain (USGS Copyrights and Credits); see https://www.usgs.gov/information-policies-and-instructions/copyrights-and-credits.
U.S. Geological Survey, National Minerals Information Center, Mineral Commodity Summaries — MCS2016-PDF, retrieved 2026-10-06 from https://d9-wret.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/assets/palladium/production/mineral-pubs/mcs/mcs2016.pdf. Used under U.S. Government work — public domain (USGS Copyrights and Credits); see https://www.usgs.gov/information-policies-and-instructions/copyrights-and-credits.
U.S. Geological Survey, National Minerals Information Center, Mineral Commodity Summaries — MCS2017-PDF, retrieved 2026-10-06 from https://d9-wret.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/assets/palladium/production/mineral-pubs/mcs/mcs2017.pdf. Used under U.S. Government work — public domain (USGS Copyrights and Credits); see https://www.usgs.gov/information-policies-and-instructions/copyrights-and-credits.
U.S. Geological Survey, National Minerals Information Center, Mineral Commodity Summaries — MCS2018-PDF, retrieved 2026-10-06 from https://d9-wret.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/assets/palladium/production/mineral-pubs/mcs/mcs2018.pdf. Used under U.S. Government work — public domain (USGS Copyrights and Credits); see https://www.usgs.gov/information-policies-and-instructions/copyrights-and-credits.
U.S. Geological Survey, National Minerals Information Center, Mineral Commodity Summaries — MCS2019-PDF, retrieved 2026-10-06 from https://d9-wret.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/assets/palladium/production/atoms/files/mcs2019_all.pdf. Used under U.S. Government work — public domain (USGS Copyrights and Credits); see https://www.usgs.gov/information-policies-and-instructions/copyrights-and-credits.
U.S. Geological Survey, National Minerals Information Center, Mineral Commodity Summaries — MCS2020-PDF, retrieved 2026-10-06 from https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2020/mcs2020.pdf. Used under U.S. Government work — public domain (USGS Copyrights and Credits); see https://www.usgs.gov/information-policies-and-instructions/copyrights-and-credits.
U.S. Geological Survey, National Minerals Information Center, Mineral Commodity Summaries — MCS2021-PDF, retrieved 2026-10-06 from https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021.pdf. Used under U.S. Government work — public domain (USGS Copyrights and Credits); see https://www.usgs.gov/information-policies-and-instructions/copyrights-and-credits.
U.S. Geological Survey, National Minerals Information Center, Mineral Commodity Summaries — MCS2022-PDF, retrieved 2026-10-06 from https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2022/mcs2022.pdf. Used under U.S. Government work — public domain (USGS Copyrights and Credits); see https://www.usgs.gov/information-policies-and-instructions/copyrights-and-credits.
U.S. Geological Survey, National Minerals Information Center, Mineral Commodity Summaries — MCS2023-PDF, retrieved 2026-10-06 from https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2023/mcs2023.pdf. Used under U.S. Government work — public domain (USGS Copyrights and Credits); see https://www.usgs.gov/information-policies-and-instructions/copyrights-and-credits.
U.S. Geological Survey, National Minerals Information Center, Mineral Commodity Summaries — MCS2024-PDF, retrieved 2026-10-06 from https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2024/mcs2024.pdf. Used under U.S. Government work — public domain (USGS Copyrights and Credits); see https://www.usgs.gov/information-policies-and-instructions/copyrights-and-credits.
U.S. Geological Survey, National Minerals Information Center, Mineral Commodity Summaries — MCS2025-PDF, retrieved 2026-10-06 from https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2025/mcs2025.pdf. Used under U.S. Government work — public domain (USGS Copyrights and Credits); see https://www.usgs.gov/information-policies-and-instructions/copyrights-and-credits.
U.S. Geological Survey, National Minerals Information Center, Mineral Commodity Summaries — MCS2026-20260206, retrieved 2026-09-29 from https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/69837e43b66b01367d7ec7c7?f=__disk__d3%2Fac%2F84%2Fd3ac8466552946c5e8caa2c2c6338d9e1aff655d. Licensed under Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal (public domain dedication) (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/).
Uppsala Conflict Data Program (UCDP), Uppsala University — Davies, Pettersson and Oberg, "Organized violence 1989-2025, and violent political protests", Journal of Peace Research (2026), doi:10.1093/jopres/xjag046 — ged-v26.1, retrieved 2026-09-10 from https://ucdp.uu.se/downloads/ged/ged261-csv.zip. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data modified by HumanToll.
World Health Organization, Global Health Estimates. WHO did not prepare, review or endorse these derived figures — wsh_10-20261006, retrieved 2026-10-06 from https://ghoapi.azureedge.net/api/WSH_10. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo/). Data modified by HumanToll.

HumanToll 2026, run 2259, methodology v1.0. https://quiescence.eu/humantoll/explain/cotton-yarn/

Back to Cotton yarn →