The full breakdown
How the figure for Bag of charcoal is built
Every stage the model passes through, with its number. Each table below divides the same headline figure a different way, and each one adds up to it exactly — the page checks, and refuses to show a table that does not.
Is something on this page wrong? Report it →
The headline
One item is one 3 kg bag of lump wood charcoal, without the bag. Scenario Economic-embedded, using FIGARO 2023. Each figure is the middle result of 2,000 runs of the calculation, with the range that holds nine in ten of them beside it, and the grade that range earns.
Materials method — 6.7 × 10⁻⁷ per item(0.28–1.6 × 10⁻⁶)LOWS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r
Money method — 1.1 × 10⁻⁴ per €1,000 spent in its industry(0.77–1.6 × 10⁻⁴)MEDIUMS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r
Each step below is a middle estimate. The model works out a range for the whole figure, not for each step, so the range that applies to a step is the headline’s.
1 · What it is made of, and what each material carries
How much of each raw material is in one item, the deaths linked to each kilogram of it in this calculation, and the two multiplied together: its part of the headline figure.
| Material | Per item | Deaths per kg | Part of the figure | Share |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wood charcoal | 0.0030 t | 2.2 × 10⁻⁷ | 6.7 × 10⁻⁷ | 100% |
| Total | 6.7 × 10⁻⁷ | = the headline figure, 6.7 × 10⁻⁷ | ||
2 · Where the harm was counted
The same headline, by the country where the harm the materials carry was counted.
| Country | Part of the figure | Share |
|---|---|---|
| Somalia, Fed. Rep. | 2.1 × 10⁻⁷ | 32% |
| Ethiopia | 6.4 × 10⁻⁸ | 9.6% |
| Thailand | 6.1 × 10⁻⁸ | 9.1% |
| Burkina Faso | 3.5 × 10⁻⁸ | 5.2% |
| Spain | 3.4 × 10⁻⁸ | 5.1% |
| Congo, Dem. Rep. | 3.4 × 10⁻⁸ | 5.0% |
| Sudan | 2.9 × 10⁻⁸ | 4.3% |
| Argentina | 2.8 × 10⁻⁸ | 4.1% |
| Colombia | 2.6 × 10⁻⁸ | 3.8% |
| Nigeria | 2.1 × 10⁻⁸ | 3.2% |
| United States | 1.7 × 10⁻⁸ | 2.5% |
| France | 1.6 × 10⁻⁸ | 2.4% |
| Niger | 1.2 × 10⁻⁸ | 1.8% |
| Singapore | 1.2 × 10⁻⁸ | 1.8% |
| Ukraine | 1.0 × 10⁻⁸ | 1.5% |
| Germany | 8.5 × 10⁻⁹ | 1.3% |
| Portugal | 5.8 × 10⁻⁹ | 0.86% |
| Myanmar | 4.8 × 10⁻⁹ | 0.72% |
| Burundi | 4.8 × 10⁻⁹ | 0.70% |
| Central African Republic | 4.4 × 10⁻⁹ | 0.66% |
| Cameroon | 3.9 × 10⁻⁹ | 0.57% |
| Mali | 3.7 × 10⁻⁹ | 0.54% |
| Brazil | 3.2 × 10⁻⁹ | 0.48% |
| Kenya | 3.1 × 10⁻⁹ | 0.46% |
| Poland | 2.7 × 10⁻⁹ | 0.40% |
| Italy | 2.3 × 10⁻⁹ | 0.35% |
| Haiti | 2.1 × 10⁻⁹ | 0.31% |
| Mozambique | 1.8 × 10⁻⁹ | 0.26% |
| Togo | 1.6 × 10⁻⁹ | 0.23% |
| Afghanistan | 1.1 × 10⁻⁹ | 0.16% |
| Japan | 9.4 × 10⁻¹⁰ | 0.14% |
| Uganda | 8.8 × 10⁻¹⁰ | 0.13% |
| Croatia | 8.3 × 10⁻¹⁰ | 0.12% |
| South Sudan | 8.0 × 10⁻¹⁰ | 0.12% |
| Chad | 6.5 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Mexico | 5.5 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| St. Vincent and the Grenadines | 5.0 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Yemen, Rep. | 3.9 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Slovak Republic | 3.5 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Australia | 3.4 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Czechia | 3.4 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Turkiye | 2.1 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Ghana | 1.7 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| India | 1.6 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Sweden | 1.6 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Slovenia | 1.6 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Austria | 1.5 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Latvia | 1.3 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Ecuador | 1.1 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Pakistan | 9.2 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| Philippines | 8.4 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| Benin | 8.1 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| Cyprus | 6.5 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| Syrian Arab Republic | 5.7 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| Honduras | 5.4 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| Mauritania | 5.1 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| Switzerland | 4.1 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| Lebanon | 3.2 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| Sri Lanka | 2.4 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| Eswatini | 2.4 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| Belarus | 2.1 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| Panama | 1.9 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| Indonesia | 1.5 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| Tunisia | 1.5 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| Mongolia | 1.1 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| Egypt, Arab Rep. | 1.1 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| Bulgaria | 8.7 × 10⁻¹² | <0.1% |
| Azerbaijan | 7.4 × 10⁻¹² | <0.1% |
| Iraq | 6.9 × 10⁻¹² | <0.1% |
| Moldova | 6.6 × 10⁻¹² | <0.1% |
| Bangladesh | 6.3 × 10⁻¹² | <0.1% |
| Morocco | 5.0 × 10⁻¹² | <0.1% |
| Costa Rica | 4.9 × 10⁻¹² | <0.1% |
| Romania | 4.6 × 10⁻¹² | <0.1% |
| Papua New Guinea | 3.9 × 10⁻¹² | <0.1% |
| Guatemala | 3.8 × 10⁻¹² | <0.1% |
| Venezuela, RB | 1.2 × 10⁻¹² | <0.1% |
| Peru | 8.9 × 10⁻¹³ | <0.1% |
| Russian Federation | 8.8 × 10⁻¹³ | <0.1% |
| Algeria | 8.0 × 10⁻¹³ | <0.1% |
| Libya | 5.5 × 10⁻¹³ | <0.1% |
| Uzbekistan | 3.9 × 10⁻¹³ | <0.1% |
| South Africa | 3.6 × 10⁻¹³ | <0.1% |
| Bolivia | 2.6 × 10⁻¹³ | <0.1% |
| Saudi Arabia | 1.3 × 10⁻¹³ | <0.1% |
| China | 6.2 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| Mauritius | 3.0 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| Iran, Islamic Rep. | 6.7 × 10⁻¹⁵ | <0.1% |
| Total | 6.7 × 10⁻⁷ | = the headline figure, 6.7 × 10⁻⁷ |
3 · Through which kind of harm
The same headline, by kind of harm: war, work, poverty, pollution.
| Kind of harm | Part of the figure | Share |
|---|---|---|
| Conflict and political violence | 4.6 × 10⁻⁷ | 68% |
| Work | 2.2 × 10⁻⁷ | 32% |
| Total | 6.7 × 10⁻⁷ | = the headline figure, 6.7 × 10⁻⁷ |
4 · Which wars
The war deaths in the headline, by war. Harm of any other kind is the row that names no war.
| War | Part of the figure | Share |
|---|---|---|
| Not placed | 2.2 × 10⁻⁷ | 32% |
| Somalia: Government | 1.9 × 10⁻⁷ | 29% |
| Ethiopia: Government/Amhara | 3.4 × 10⁻⁸ | 5.0% |
| Burkina Faso: Government | 1.7 × 10⁻⁸ | 2.5% |
| IS - Civilians | 1.7 × 10⁻⁸ | 2.5% |
| Sudan: Government | 1.5 × 10⁻⁸ | 2.2% |
| SSC-Khatumo Administration - Republic of Somaliland | 1.5 × 10⁻⁸ | 2.2% |
| Ethiopia: Oromiya | 1.3 × 10⁻⁸ | 1.9% |
| RSF - Civilians | 1.1 × 10⁻⁸ | 1.6% |
| Russia - Ukraine | 9.9 × 10⁻⁹ | 1.5% |
| JNIM - Civilians | 9.7 × 10⁻⁹ | 1.4% |
| Nigeria: Islamic State | 8.5 × 10⁻⁹ | 1.3% |
| URDPC - Civilians | 5.7 × 10⁻⁹ | 0.84% |
| Niger: Islamic State | 5.4 × 10⁻⁹ | 0.80% |
| Government of Ethiopia - Civilians | 5.1 × 10⁻⁹ | 0.76% |
| OLA - Civilians | 4.0 × 10⁻⁹ | 0.59% |
| Lengola - Mbole | 3.7 × 10⁻⁹ | 0.55% |
| Government of Burkina Faso - Civilians | 3.6 × 10⁻⁹ | 0.53% |
| Fano - Civilians | 3.5 × 10⁻⁹ | 0.53% |
| Burkina Faso: Islamic State | 3.5 × 10⁻⁹ | 0.52% |
| Anuak - Nuer | 3.4 × 10⁻⁹ | 0.51% |
| Burundi: Government | 3.3 × 10⁻⁹ | 0.49% |
| DR Congo (Zaire): Government | 2.8 × 10⁻⁹ | 0.42% |
| Kenya: Northeastern Province and Coast | 2.7 × 10⁻⁹ | 0.40% |
| Myanmar (Burma): Government | 2.7 × 10⁻⁹ | 0.40% |
| Central African Republic: Government | 2.6 × 10⁻⁹ | 0.39% |
| DR Congo (Zaire): Islamic State | 2.6 × 10⁻⁹ | 0.39% |
| IS - JNIM | 2.3 × 10⁻⁹ | 0.34% |
| Al-Shabaab - Civilians | 2.2 × 10⁻⁹ | 0.33% |
| IS - JAS | 2.0 × 10⁻⁹ | 0.30% |
| M23 - VDP | 1.6 × 10⁻⁹ | 0.24% |
| Nigeria: Government | 1.6 × 10⁻⁹ | 0.23% |
| Mobondo - Civilians | 1.6 × 10⁻⁹ | 0.23% |
| Government of Burundi - Civilians | 1.5 × 10⁻⁹ | 0.22% |
| JAS - Civilians | 1.3 × 10⁻⁹ | 0.19% |
| M23 - Civilians | 1.2 × 10⁻⁹ | 0.18% |
| Fulani - Mwaghavul | 1.2 × 10⁻⁹ | 0.17% |
| Cameroon: Ambazonia | 1.2 × 10⁻⁹ | 0.17% |
| Beni Halba Baggara - Salamat Baggara | 1.2 × 10⁻⁹ | 0.17% |
| Mozambique: Islamic State | 1.1 × 10⁻⁹ | 0.17% |
| Rwanda: Government | 1.1 × 10⁻⁹ | 0.16% |
| Fulani - Mwaghavul , Ron | 1.1 × 10⁻⁹ | 0.16% |
| Niger: Government | 1.1 × 10⁻⁹ | 0.16% |
| AAKG - CPC | 1.0 × 10⁻⁹ | 0.16% |
| Fulani - Tiv | 1.0 × 10⁻⁹ | 0.15% |
| Government of DR Congo (Zaire) - Civilians | 1.0 × 10⁻⁹ | 0.15% |
| Sa'ad subclan of Habar Gidir clan (Hawiye) - Leelkase subclan (Darod) | 1.0 × 10⁻⁹ | 0.15% |
| Mali: Government | 9.6 × 10⁻¹⁰ | 0.14% |
| Government of Myanmar (Burma) - Civilians | 9.3 × 10⁻¹⁰ | 0.14% |
| Comando Vermelho - PCC | 9.3 × 10⁻¹⁰ | 0.14% |
| Amhara - Oromo | 9.2 × 10⁻¹⁰ | 0.14% |
| Farmers (Nigeria) - Herders (Nigeria) | 8.9 × 10⁻¹⁰ | 0.13% |
| Habaniya - Salamat Baggara | 8.0 × 10⁻¹⁰ | 0.12% |
| Somalia: Islamic State | 7.6 × 10⁻¹⁰ | 0.11% |
| Cameroon: Government | 6.9 × 10⁻¹⁰ | 0.10% |
| Ambazonia insurgents - Civilians | 6.4 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Nigeria: Biafra | 6.3 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Togo: Government | 6.0 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Djerma (Zherma) - Fulani | 6.0 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Arab - Gimir | 5.8 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Luac Jang Dinka - Pakam Dinka | 5.4 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| URDPC - Zaire self-defense group | 5.2 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Afghanistan: Islamic State | 4.9 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Government of Mali - Civilians | 4.9 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Birom - Fulani | 4.7 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Myanmar (Burma): Kachin | 4.6 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Zaire self-defense group - Civilians | 4.6 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| VDP - Civilians | 4.3 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Mali: Government/Azawad | 4.1 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Guraghe - Mareqo | 4.1 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Atyap - Fulani | 4.0 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Government of Rwanda - Civilians | 4.0 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Government of Haiti - Civilians | 3.9 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Karimjo - Wurukum | 3.8 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Black Axe - Eyie | 3.6 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| G9 - G-Pep | 3.5 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Chad: Government | 3.4 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| FPIC Chambre noire sanduku - URDPC | 3.4 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Yemen (North Yemen): Government | 3.4 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Bonde do Maluco - Comando Vermelho | 3.3 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Terre Noire - Civilians | 3.3 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| FPIC Chambre noire sanduku - Civilians | 3.3 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| 5 Segond, Taliban - Civilians | 3.2 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Central African Republic: Logone | 3.2 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Cameroon: Islamic State | 3.2 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Forces of Terwase Akwanza - Civilians | 3.2 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Twic Dinka - Ngok Dinka | 3.1 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Cartel do Norte - Comando Vermelho | 3.1 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Myanmar (Burma): Karen | 3.0 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Grand Ravine - Civilians | 3.0 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Fulani - Idoma | 3.0 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| CPC - Civilians | 2.9 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Fulani - Kuteb | 2.8 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Murle - Nuer | 2.7 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Farmers (Chad) - Herders (Chad) | 2.5 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Uganda: Islamic State | 2.5 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| AFC - Civilians | 2.4 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Myanmar (Burma): Karenni | 2.4 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| G-Pep - Civilians | 2.3 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| AFP-Gutabara - CNPSC, FABB | 2.2 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Bonde dos 40 - PCC | 2.2 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Dan na Ambassagou - JNIM | 2.0 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Government of Somalia - Civilians | 2.0 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Mali: Islamic State | 2.0 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Government of Nigeria - Civilians | 2.0 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| IS - Naparama | 1.9 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Arab - Masalit | 1.8 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Afghanistan: Government | 1.7 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Kusasi - Mamprusi | 1.7 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Chain Guys - Full Force | 1.6 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Comando Vermelho - GDE | 1.6 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Nova Okaida - Estados Unidos | 1.6 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| GDE, PCC - Sindicato do Crime | 1.6 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Government of Cameroon - Civilians | 1.5 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| PCC - Sindicato do Crime | 1.4 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Amigos Para Sempre - Família Terror Amapá | 1.4 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Jalisco Cartel New Generation - Sinaloa Cartel | 1.4 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Government of South Sudan - Civilians | 1.4 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Government of Afghanistan - Civilians | 1.3 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Myanmar (Burma): Arakan | 1.3 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Comando Vermelho - Civilians | 1.2 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Jalisco Cartel New Generation - Santa Rosa de Lima Cartel | 1.2 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Hausa - Nuba | 1.1 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Pakistan: Government | 1.1 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Juarez Cartel - Sinaloa Cartel | 1.1 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Al-Shabaab - IS | 1.0 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Government of Central African Republic - Civilians | 9.4 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| Hausa - Fulani | 9.3 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| Comités locaux de vigilance - JAS | 9.1 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| Gran Grif - Civilians | 8.8 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| 400 Mawozo - Civilians | 8.8 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| Government of Russia (Soviet Union) - Civilians | 8.5 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| Bonde dos 13, PCC - Comando Vermelho | 8.5 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| Bonde dos 40 - Comando Vermelho | 8.4 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| Government of Mozambique - Civilians | 8.3 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| AFP-Gutabara - FABB | 8.2 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| Amhara - Gumuz | 8.1 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| Carteles Unidos - Jalisco Cartel New Generation | 7.9 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| Myanmar (Burma): Kokang | 7.7 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| Thailand: Patani | 6.8 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| FRPI - Civilians | 6.7 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| Fulani - Irigwe | 6.6 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| Comando Vermelho - Holanda | 6.0 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| Dozos (Mali) - JNIM | 5.5 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| Fulani - Igala | 5.5 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| Philippines: Government | 5.1 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| Mauritania: Government | 5.1 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| Benin: Government | 4.9 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| Greenlanders - NDV | 4.9 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| Black Axe - Maphite | 4.9 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| India: Kashmir | 4.7 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| Hawazma - Nuba | 4.6 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| M18 - MS-13 | 4.6 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| Afghanistan - Pakistan | 4.6 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| Comando Vermelho - Massa | 4.5 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| Caborca Cartel, Sinaloa Cartel - Los Mayos - Sinaloa Cartel - Los Chapitos | 4.5 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| AQAP - Forces of the Presidential Leadership Council | 4.5 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| Basonge - Bena Nkoma (Bakwa Luntu, Luba) | 4.5 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| Nova Okaida - PCC | 4.4 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| Bonde do Maluco - Katiara | 4.2 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| Bonde do Maluco - Civilians | 4.2 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| Hausa - Funj | 4.1 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| Kuki - Meitei | 4.1 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| India: Government | 3.8 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| RED-TABARA - Civilians | 3.8 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| FDLR-FOCA - Civilians | 3.7 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| FPIC Chambre noire sanduku - FRPI | 3.7 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| Government of Sudan - Civilians | 3.7 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| Los Choneros - Los Lobos | 3.4 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| Supporters of APC - Supporters of PDP | 3.3 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| Bonde dos 40 - Civilians | 3.2 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| Comando Vermelho - Terceiro Comando Puro | 3.1 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| Dozos (Mali) - Civilians | 3.1 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| Israel: Southern Lebanon | 3.0 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| Mayi Mayi Chini ya Tuna - Civilians | 3.0 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| South Sudan: Government | 3.0 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| Toposa - Turkana | 2.9 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| Dinka - Nuer | 2.9 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| Black Axe - SVC | 2.7 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| IPOB - Civilians | 2.7 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| Philippines: Islamic State | 2.5 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| NUG - Civilians | 2.4 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| Government of eSwatini (Swaziland) - Civilians | 2.4 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| PCC - Civilians | 2.3 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| Luba - Batwa | 2.2 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| Agatu - Fulani | 2.2 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| IS - Yan Gora | 2.2 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| Deebam - NDV | 2.2 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| Farmers (CAR) - Herders (CAR) | 2.1 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| AAKG - Civilians | 2.1 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| Ajeita - Bonde do Maluco | 2.1 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| Cartel Independiente de Acapulco - Los Rusos, UPOEG | 2.0 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| Dan na Ambassagou - Civilians | 1.9 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| EGC - Civilians | 1.9 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| Syria: Government | 1.8 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| CPI-Maoist - Civilians | 1.7 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| Government of Brazil - Civilians | 1.6 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| Tunisia: Government | 1.5 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| Syria: Islamic State | 1.5 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| GATIA - IS | 1.4 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| Anti-Bala - Bala na Cara | 1.4 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| Fatales, Los Aguilas - Los Lobos , Los Tiguerones | 1.4 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| Bonde dos 40 - PCM | 1.3 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| Sinaloa Cartel - Los Chapitos - Sinaloa Cartel - Los Mayos | 1.3 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| Los Chone Killers - Latin Kings | 1.2 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| Carteles Unidos, Guerreros Unidos - Los Tlacos | 1.1 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| Jukun - Tiv | 1.1 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| Los Aguilas - Los Lobos | 1.0 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| FARC-EMC - Civilians | 1.0 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| M18 - Civilians | 9.6 × 10⁻¹² | <0.1% |
| Indonesia: West Papua | 9.5 × 10⁻¹² | <0.1% |
| Los Choneros - Los Lagartos | 9.4 × 10⁻¹² | <0.1% |
| Kokorat sans ras - Civilians | 9.3 × 10⁻¹² | <0.1% |
| Misseriya - Ngok Dinka | 9.2 × 10⁻¹² | <0.1% |
| Los Lobos - Los Tiguerones | 9.2 × 10⁻¹² | <0.1% |
| Los Lagartos - Mafia 18 | 9.2 × 10⁻¹² | <0.1% |
| Government of Egypt - Civilians | 8.9 × 10⁻¹² | <0.1% |
| Pakistan: Balochistan | 8.6 × 10⁻¹² | <0.1% |
| SNA - SDF | 8.4 × 10⁻¹² | <0.1% |
| Los Ardillos - Los Tlacos | 8.3 × 10⁻¹² | <0.1% |
| Kashmir insurgents - Civilians | 7.6 × 10⁻¹² | <0.1% |
| DR Congo (Zaire): Katanga | 7.5 × 10⁻¹² | <0.1% |
| Government of Uganda - Civilians | 7.5 × 10⁻¹² | <0.1% |
| Twiganeho - Civilians | 7.5 × 10⁻¹² | <0.1% |
| AFC - VDP | 7.5 × 10⁻¹² | <0.1% |
| IS - MSA | 7.2 × 10⁻¹² | <0.1% |
| United Kingdom, United States of America - Yemen | 7.2 × 10⁻¹² | <0.1% |
| Los Aguilas - Los Lobos , Los Tiguerones | 7.0 × 10⁻¹² | <0.1% |
| Pakistan: Islamic State | 6.7 × 10⁻¹² | <0.1% |
| FARC-EMC - ELN | 6.5 × 10⁻¹² | <0.1% |
| ARSA - Civilians | 6.3 × 10⁻¹² | <0.1% |
| Choa Arab - Kotoko | 6.1 × 10⁻¹² | <0.1% |
| Choa Arab - Musgum | 6.1 × 10⁻¹² | <0.1% |
| Jalisco Cartel New Generation - Zetas Vieja Escuela | 6.1 × 10⁻¹² | <0.1% |
| Azerbaijan: Artsakh (Nagorno-Karabakh) | 5.2 × 10⁻¹² | <0.1% |
| Iran - Israel | 5.2 × 10⁻¹² | <0.1% |
| Government of Yemen (North Yemen) - Civilians | 5.0 × 10⁻¹² | <0.1% |
| Morocco: Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (Western Sahara) | 5.0 × 10⁻¹² | <0.1% |
| CPP - Civilians | 5.0 × 10⁻¹² | <0.1% |
| Forces of Tony Peña - Los Hondureños | 4.9 × 10⁻¹² | <0.1% |
| Turkey: Kurdistan | 4.6 × 10⁻¹² | <0.1% |
| OPM - Civilians | 4.5 × 10⁻¹² | <0.1% |
| FARC - Segunda Marquetalia - Civilians | 4.3 × 10⁻¹² | <0.1% |
| ELN - Civilians | 4.2 × 10⁻¹² | <0.1% |
| DZ Mafia - Yoda | 4.1 × 10⁻¹² | <0.1% |
| Colombia: Government | 3.9 × 10⁻¹² | <0.1% |
| IS - SDF | 3.9 × 10⁻¹² | <0.1% |
| Ambulin, Lungupin, Nenei, Sau, Sau Walep, Yandamau, Yopo - Kaekin, Lanzerakin, Lyona, Mupapalu, Murap, Palinau, Sakaikin, Sikin, Wapukin | 3.8 × 10⁻¹² | <0.1% |
| Los Costenos - Los Pepes | 3.4 × 10⁻¹² | <0.1% |
| Government of Pakistan - Civilians | 3.4 × 10⁻¹² | <0.1% |
| EGC - ELN, FARC-EMC | 3.3 × 10⁻¹² | <0.1% |
| Hindus (India) - Muslims (India) | 3.2 × 10⁻¹² | <0.1% |
| EGC - ELN | 3.2 × 10⁻¹² | <0.1% |
| Myanmar (Burma): Shan | 3.2 × 10⁻¹² | <0.1% |
| Deir ez Zor Military Council - SDF | 3.0 × 10⁻¹² | <0.1% |
| Government of India - Civilians | 2.8 × 10⁻¹² | <0.1% |
| Patani insurgents - Civilians | 2.3 × 10⁻¹² | <0.1% |
| Shia (Pakistan) - Sunni (Pakistan) | 2.3 × 10⁻¹² | <0.1% |
| MS-13 - Civilians | 2.1 × 10⁻¹² | <0.1% |
| Iraq: Government | 2.0 × 10⁻¹² | <0.1% |
| Egypt: Islamic State | 1.8 × 10⁻¹² | <0.1% |
| Los Rusos, UPOEG - Los Tlacos | 1.7 × 10⁻¹² | <0.1% |
| India: Western South East Asia | 1.6 × 10⁻¹² | <0.1% |
| Jalisco Cartel New Generation - Civilians | 1.6 × 10⁻¹² | <0.1% |
| Jalisco Cartel New Generation - Pájaros Sierra | 1.5 × 10⁻¹² | <0.1% |
| EGC - Autodefensas Conquistadoras de la Sierra Nevada | 1.4 × 10⁻¹² | <0.1% |
| Syria: Government/Rojava Kurdistan | 1.3 × 10⁻¹² | <0.1% |
| Amigos dos Amigos - Comando Vermelho | 1.3 × 10⁻¹² | <0.1% |
| FDN - PCC | 1.3 × 10⁻¹² | <0.1% |
| Israel: Palestine | 1.3 × 10⁻¹² | <0.1% |
| Government of Mexico - Civilians | 1.2 × 10⁻¹² | <0.1% |
| Government of Colombia - Civilians | 1.1 × 10⁻¹² | <0.1% |
| Government of Indonesia - Civilians | 1.1 × 10⁻¹² | <0.1% |
| Los Ardillos - Los Rojos | 1.0 × 10⁻¹² | <0.1% |
| Supporters of Awami League - Supporters of BNP | 1.0 × 10⁻¹² | <0.1% |
| Government of Venezuela - Civilians | 1.0 × 10⁻¹² | <0.1% |
| Gulf Cartel - Los Zetas - Cártel del Noreste faction | 9.9 × 10⁻¹³ | <0.1% |
| BRAS - Civilians | 9.4 × 10⁻¹³ | <0.1% |
| Peru: Government | 8.9 × 10⁻¹³ | <0.1% |
| VHP - Civilians | 8.0 × 10⁻¹³ | <0.1% |
| Algeria: Government | 8.0 × 10⁻¹³ | <0.1% |
| Los Lobos - R7 | 7.8 × 10⁻¹³ | <0.1% |
| Philippines: Mindanao | 6.2 × 10⁻¹³ | <0.1% |
| Government of Philippines - Civilians | 6.2 × 10⁻¹³ | <0.1% |
| Russia (Soviet Union): Government | 5.6 × 10⁻¹³ | <0.1% |
| Israel - Syria | 5.5 × 10⁻¹³ | <0.1% |
| Libya: Government | 5.5 × 10⁻¹³ | <0.1% |
| TTP - Civilians | 5.5 × 10⁻¹³ | <0.1% |
| Supporters of Awami League - Supporters of Jamaat-e-Islami | 5.2 × 10⁻¹³ | <0.1% |
| Comandos de la Frontera - Civilians | 5.1 × 10⁻¹³ | <0.1% |
| India - Pakistan | 4.0 × 10⁻¹³ | <0.1% |
| India: Nagaland | 4.0 × 10⁻¹³ | <0.1% |
| NSCN-IM - Civilians | 4.0 × 10⁻¹³ | <0.1% |
| PLFI - Civilians | 4.0 × 10⁻¹³ | <0.1% |
| Autodefensas Conquistadoras de la Sierra Nevada - Civilians | 3.8 × 10⁻¹³ | <0.1% |
| Gulf Cartel - Sinaloa Cartel | 3.5 × 10⁻¹³ | <0.1% |
| Gulf Cartel - Jalisco Cartel New Generation | 3.5 × 10⁻¹³ | <0.1% |
| Syrian insurgents - Civilians | 2.9 × 10⁻¹³ | <0.1% |
| Los Costenos - Civilians | 2.5 × 10⁻¹³ | <0.1% |
| SDF - Civilians | 2.3 × 10⁻¹³ | <0.1% |
| CATA - Codeta | 2.2 × 10⁻¹³ | <0.1% |
| Government of South Africa - Civilians | 1.4 × 10⁻¹³ | <0.1% |
| LeJ - Civilians | 7.8 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| Government of Papua New Guinea - Civilians | 5.8 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| Guerreros Unidos - Los Tlacos | 5.8 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| IS - HTS | 3.3 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| Russia: Islamic State | 2.9 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| Russia (Soviet Union): Chechnya | 1.2 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| Iran: Government | 5.6 × 10⁻¹⁵ | <0.1% |
| PKK - Civilians | 2.2 × 10⁻¹⁵ | <0.1% |
| Iran: Islamic State | 6.2 × 10⁻¹⁶ | <0.1% |
| Government of Iran - Civilians | 4.7 × 10⁻¹⁶ | <0.1% |
| Total | 6.7 × 10⁻⁷ | = the headline figure, 6.7 × 10⁻⁷ |
5 · The money method: which industries
The figure per €1,000, by the industry where the harm happened, anywhere in the supply chain.
| Industry | Part of the figure | Share |
|---|---|---|
| Forestry and logging | 9.5 × 10⁻⁵ | 84% |
| Mining and quarrying | 2.6 × 10⁻⁶ | 2.3% |
| Wholesale trade, except of motor vehicles and motorcycles | 2.2 × 10⁻⁶ | 1.9% |
| Crop and animal production, hunting and related service activities | 1.7 × 10⁻⁶ | 1.5% |
| Land transport and transport via pipelines | 1.6 × 10⁻⁶ | 1.4% |
| Warehousing and support activities for transportation | 7.8 × 10⁻⁷ | 0.69% |
| Construction | 7.6 × 10⁻⁷ | 0.68% |
| Manufacture of coke and refined petroleum products | 6.9 × 10⁻⁷ | 0.61% |
| Security and investigation, service and landscape, office administrative and support activities | 6.5 × 10⁻⁷ | 0.57% |
| Retail trade, except of motor vehicles and motorcycles | 6.5 × 10⁻⁷ | 0.57% |
| Wholesale and retail trade and repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles | 4.4 × 10⁻⁷ | 0.39% |
| Rental and leasing activities | 4.3 × 10⁻⁷ | 0.38% |
| Water transport | 4.0 × 10⁻⁷ | 0.36% |
| Public administration and defence; compulsory social security | 3.3 × 10⁻⁷ | 0.29% |
| Manufacture of chemicals and chemical products | 3.3 × 10⁻⁷ | 0.29% |
| Employment activities | 3.1 × 10⁻⁷ | 0.27% |
| Accommodation and food service activities | 3.0 × 10⁻⁷ | 0.26% |
| Air transport | 2.8 × 10⁻⁷ | 0.25% |
| Manufacture of machinery and equipment n.e.c. | 2.7 × 10⁻⁷ | 0.24% |
| Manufacture of basic metals | 2.5 × 10⁻⁷ | 0.22% |
| Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment | 2.1 × 10⁻⁷ | 0.18% |
| Manufacture of motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers | 1.8 × 10⁻⁷ | 0.16% |
| Manufacture of food products; beverages and tobacco products | 1.7 × 10⁻⁷ | 0.15% |
| Sewerage, waste management, remediation activities | 1.7 × 10⁻⁷ | 0.15% |
| Manufacture of rubber and plastic products | 1.7 × 10⁻⁷ | 0.15% |
| Manufacture of wood and of products of wood and cork, except furniture; manufacture of articles of straw and plaiting materials | 1.5 × 10⁻⁷ | 0.14% |
| Legal and accounting activities; activities of head offices; management consultancy activities | 1.5 × 10⁻⁷ | 0.13% |
| Postal and courier activities | 1.4 × 10⁻⁷ | 0.12% |
| Repair and installation of machinery and equipment | 1.2 × 10⁻⁷ | 0.11% |
| Human health activities | 1.1 × 10⁻⁷ | <0.1% |
| Manufacture of other non-metallic mineral products | 1.0 × 10⁻⁷ | <0.1% |
| Manufacture of paper and paper products | 9.7 × 10⁻⁸ | <0.1% |
| Manufacture of electrical equipment | 8.8 × 10⁻⁸ | <0.1% |
| Travel agency, tour operator reservation service and related activities | 8.4 × 10⁻⁸ | <0.1% |
| Manufacture of textiles, wearing apparel, leather and related products | 7.9 × 10⁻⁸ | <0.1% |
| Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products | 7.2 × 10⁻⁸ | <0.1% |
| Architectural and engineering activities; technical testing and analysis | 5.8 × 10⁻⁸ | <0.1% |
| Financial service activities, except insurance and pension funding | 5.3 × 10⁻⁸ | <0.1% |
| Manufacture of other transport equipment | 5.2 × 10⁻⁸ | <0.1% |
| Activities of membership organisations | 4.9 × 10⁻⁸ | <0.1% |
| Water collection, treatment and supply | 4.6 × 10⁻⁸ | <0.1% |
| Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply | 4.4 × 10⁻⁸ | <0.1% |
| Repair of computers and personal and household goods | 4.3 × 10⁻⁸ | <0.1% |
| Education | 3.4 × 10⁻⁸ | <0.1% |
| Real estate activities | 3.4 × 10⁻⁸ | <0.1% |
| Computer programming, consultancy, and information service activities | 3.4 × 10⁻⁸ | <0.1% |
| Printing and reproduction of recorded media | 3.1 × 10⁻⁸ | <0.1% |
| Advertising and market research | 2.9 × 10⁻⁸ | <0.1% |
| Other professional, scientific and technical activities; veterinary activities | 2.8 × 10⁻⁸ | <0.1% |
| Manufacture of furniture; other manufacturing | 2.6 × 10⁻⁸ | <0.1% |
| Manufacture of basic pharmaceutical products and pharmaceutical preparations | 2.6 × 10⁻⁸ | <0.1% |
| Sports activities and amusement and recreation activities | 2.6 × 10⁻⁸ | <0.1% |
| Other personal service activities | 2.4 × 10⁻⁸ | <0.1% |
| Residential care activities and social work activities without accommodation | 2.0 × 10⁻⁸ | <0.1% |
| Telecommunications | 1.7 × 10⁻⁸ | <0.1% |
| Creative, arts and entertainment activities; libraries, archives, museums and other cultural activities; gambling and betting activities | 1.6 × 10⁻⁸ | <0.1% |
| Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security | 1.4 × 10⁻⁸ | <0.1% |
| Activities auxiliary to financial services and insurance activities | 1.3 × 10⁻⁸ | <0.1% |
| Scientific research and development | 6.8 × 10⁻⁹ | <0.1% |
| Publishing activities | 6.3 × 10⁻⁹ | <0.1% |
| Fishing and aquaculture | 6.3 × 10⁻⁹ | <0.1% |
| Motion picture, video, television programme production; programming and broadcasting activities | 5.0 × 10⁻⁹ | <0.1% |
| Activities of households as employers; undifferentiated goods- and services-producing activities of households for own use | 1.0 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Total | 1.1 × 10⁻⁴ | = the headline figure, 1.1 × 10⁻⁴ |
6 · The money method: which countries
The figure per €1,000, by the country of the industry where the harm happened.
| Country | Part of the figure | Share |
|---|---|---|
| Not placed | 4.1 × 10⁻⁵ | 36% |
| Germany | 1.5 × 10⁻⁵ | 14% |
| Canada | 1.1 × 10⁻⁵ | 9.7% |
| France | 6.6 × 10⁻⁶ | 5.9% |
| Finland | 4.5 × 10⁻⁶ | 4.0% |
| Spain | 4.5 × 10⁻⁶ | 4.0% |
| Portugal | 3.8 × 10⁻⁶ | 3.4% |
| Czechia | 3.8 × 10⁻⁶ | 3.4% |
| United States | 3.5 × 10⁻⁶ | 3.1% |
| Italy | 3.1 × 10⁻⁶ | 2.7% |
| Austria | 2.9 × 10⁻⁶ | 2.5% |
| Sweden | 2.4 × 10⁻⁶ | 2.2% |
| Argentina | 1.5 × 10⁻⁶ | 1.3% |
| Brazil | 1.3 × 10⁻⁶ | 1.1% |
| Turkiye | 1.3 × 10⁻⁶ | 1.1% |
| Japan | 7.8 × 10⁻⁷ | 0.69% |
| Mexico | 6.9 × 10⁻⁷ | 0.61% |
| Switzerland | 6.3 × 10⁻⁷ | 0.56% |
| Australia | 5.8 × 10⁻⁷ | 0.51% |
| Poland | 5.6 × 10⁻⁷ | 0.50% |
| Estonia | 4.7 × 10⁻⁷ | 0.41% |
| Denmark | 3.8 × 10⁻⁷ | 0.34% |
| Slovak Republic | 3.4 × 10⁻⁷ | 0.30% |
| Latvia | 2.7 × 10⁻⁷ | 0.24% |
| Slovenia | 2.5 × 10⁻⁷ | 0.22% |
| Croatia | 2.4 × 10⁻⁷ | 0.21% |
| Hungary | 2.1 × 10⁻⁷ | 0.19% |
| Netherlands | 1.9 × 10⁻⁷ | 0.17% |
| Belgium | 1.8 × 10⁻⁷ | 0.16% |
| Lithuania | 1.6 × 10⁻⁷ | 0.14% |
| Romania | 1.5 × 10⁻⁷ | 0.13% |
| Norway | 1.3 × 10⁻⁷ | 0.11% |
| Ireland | 7.9 × 10⁻⁸ | <0.1% |
| India | 5.4 × 10⁻⁸ | <0.1% |
| Russian Federation | 5.2 × 10⁻⁸ | <0.1% |
| Indonesia | 3.3 × 10⁻⁸ | <0.1% |
| Luxembourg | 2.8 × 10⁻⁸ | <0.1% |
| Bulgaria | 2.0 × 10⁻⁸ | <0.1% |
| Greece | 9.0 × 10⁻⁹ | <0.1% |
| Cyprus | 3.8 × 10⁻⁹ | <0.1% |
| Malta | 2.0 × 10⁻⁹ | <0.1% |
| South Africa | 1.5 × 10⁻⁹ | <0.1% |
| China | 1.6 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Saudi Arabia | 1.3 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| United Kingdom | 5.1 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| Korea, Rep. | 9.0 × 10⁻¹² | <0.1% |
| Serbia | 3.4 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| Total | 1.1 × 10⁻⁴ | = the headline figure, 1.1 × 10⁻⁴ |
What this trail does not show
- Each table is a separate way of dividing the figure. “Cobalt accounts for 40%” and “one country accounts for 60%” are two views of one figure, not a path through it: the calculation stores the figure divided each way on its own, not every combination of them.
- A range belongs to the whole figure. A step’s number is only its middle estimate.
- Production phase only. Harm from using the product — driving the car, charging the phone — is not in this figure.
Sources behind this figure
- CEPII, BACI — Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level, CEPII Working Paper 2010-23. CEPII did not endorse these derived figures — HS92_V202601-20260130, retrieved 2026-09-29 from https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/data/BACI_HS92_V202601.zip. Licensed under Open Licence 2.0 (Licence Ouverte, Etalab) (https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf).
- Eurostat, Euro/ECU exchange rates - annual data (ert_bil_eur_a) — ert_bil_eur_a-USD-20261006, retrieved 2026-10-06 from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/sdmx/2.1/data/ert_bil_eur_a/A.AVG.NAC.USD?format=SDMX-CSV&startPeriod=1995. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data modified by HumanToll.
- Eurostat, European Commission — esaw-fatal-20260910, retrieved 2026-09-10 from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/sdmx/2.1/data/hsw_n2_02?format=SDMX-CSV. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data modified by HumanToll.
- Eurostat, European Commission — esaw-fatal-20261006, retrieved 2026-10-06 from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/sdmx/2.1/data/hsw_n2_02?format=SDMX-CSV. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data modified by HumanToll.
- Eurostat, European Commission — esaw-non_fatal-20260910, retrieved 2026-09-10 from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/sdmx/2.1/data/hsw_n2_01?format=SDMX-CSV. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data modified by HumanToll.
- Eurostat, European Commission — esaw-non_fatal-20261006, retrieved 2026-10-06 from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/sdmx/2.1/data/hsw_n2_01?format=SDMX-CSV. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data modified by HumanToll.
- Eurostat, FIGARO inter-country input-output tables — ii1-20260718, retrieved 2026-09-29 from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/sdmx/2.1/data/naio_10_fcp_ii1?format=SDMX-CSV&compressed=true. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data modified by HumanToll.
- Eurostat, FIGARO inter-country input-output tables — ii2-20260718, retrieved 2026-09-29 from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/sdmx/2.1/data/naio_10_fcp_ii2?format=SDMX-CSV&compressed=true. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data modified by HumanToll.
- Eurostat, FIGARO inter-country input-output tables — ii3-20260718, retrieved 2026-09-29 from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/sdmx/2.1/data/naio_10_fcp_ii3?format=SDMX-CSV&compressed=true. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data modified by HumanToll.
- Eurostat, FIGARO inter-country input-output tables — ii4-20260720, retrieved 2026-09-29 from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/sdmx/2.1/data/naio_10_fcp_ii4?format=SDMX-CSV&compressed=true. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data modified by HumanToll.
- FAO. AQUASTAT, FAO's Global Information System on Water and Agriculture: municipal water withdrawal. Licence: CC-BY-4.0. FAO endorsement of these derived figures is neither stated nor implied — ds-20260713, retrieved 2026-10-06 from https://api.data.apps.fao.org/api/v2/bigquery. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data modified by HumanToll.
- FAO. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, FAOSTAT. Licence: CC-BY-4.0. FAO endorsement of these derived figures is neither stated nor implied — fo-20260109, retrieved 2026-09-29 from https://bulks-faostat.fao.org/production/Forestry_E_All_Data_(Normalized).zip. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data modified by HumanToll.
- FAO. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, FAOSTAT. Licence: CC-BY-4.0. FAO endorsement of these derived figures is neither stated nor implied — qcl-20251231, retrieved 2026-09-29 from https://bulks-faostat.fao.org/production/Production_Crops_Livestock_E_All_Data_(Normalized).zip. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data modified by HumanToll.
- FAO. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, FAOSTAT. Licence: CC-BY-4.0. FAO endorsement of these derived figures is neither stated nor implied — rfb-20260730, retrieved 2026-09-29 from https://bulks-faostat.fao.org/production/Inputs_FertilizersProduct_E_All_Data_(Normalized).zip. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data modified by HumanToll.
- FAO. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, FAOSTAT. Licence: CC-BY-4.0. FAO endorsement of these derived figures is neither stated nor implied — rl-20261002, retrieved 2026-10-06 from https://bulks-faostat.fao.org/production/Inputs_LandUse_E_All_Data_(Normalized).zip. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data modified by HumanToll.
- Information from the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) — arms-register-1950-2025, retrieved 2026-09-29 from https://atbackend.sipri.org/api/p/trades/trade-register-csv/. Used under SIPRI terms and conditions — fair-use policy; see https://www.sipri.org/about/terms-and-conditions.
- Information from the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) — milex-1949-2025-v1.2, retrieved 2026-09-29 from https://www.sipri.org/sites/default/files/SIPRI-Milex-data-1949-2025_v1.2.xlsx. Used under SIPRI terms and conditions — fair-use policy; see https://www.sipri.org/about/terms-and-conditions.
- International Labour Organization, ILOSTAT. The ILO did not prepare, review or endorse these derived figures; responsibility for them rests solely with Quiescence — emp-20261006, retrieved 2026-10-06 from https://sdmx.ilo.org/rest/data/ILO,DF_EMP_TEMP_SEX_ECO_NB,1.0/.A..SEX_T.. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data modified by HumanToll.
- International Labour Organization, ILOSTAT. The ILO did not prepare, review or endorse these derived figures; responsibility for them rests solely with Quiescence — emp-20261007, retrieved 2026-10-06 from https://sdmx.ilo.org/rest/data/ILO,DF_EMP_TEMP_SEX_ECO_NB,1.0/.A..SEX_T.. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data modified by HumanToll.
- International Labour Organization, ILOSTAT. The ILO did not prepare, review or endorse these derived figures; responsibility for them rests solely with Quiescence — fatal-20261006, retrieved 2026-10-06 from https://sdmx.ilo.org/rest/data/ILO,DF_INJ_FATL_ECO_NB,1.0/all. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data modified by HumanToll.
- International Labour Organization, ILOSTAT. The ILO did not prepare, review or endorse these derived figures; responsibility for them rests solely with Quiescence — non_fatal-20261006, retrieved 2026-10-06 from https://sdmx.ilo.org/rest/data/ILO,DF_INJ_NFTL_ECO_NB,1.0/all. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data modified by HumanToll.
- OECD. (2025) OECD Inter-Country Input-Output Tables, https://oe.cd/icio — 1995-2000_SML-20260112, retrieved 2026-09-22 from https://webfs-sti.oecd.org/files/STI-PIE/ICIO/2025/1995-2000_SML.zip. Used under OECD Terms and Conditions — section 3, Data; see https://www.oecd.org/en/about/terms-conditions.html.
- OECD. (2025) OECD Inter-Country Input-Output Tables, https://oe.cd/icio — 2001-2005_SML-20260112, retrieved 2026-09-22 from https://webfs-sti.oecd.org/files/STI-PIE/ICIO/2025/2001-2005_SML.zip. Used under OECD Terms and Conditions — section 3, Data; see https://www.oecd.org/en/about/terms-conditions.html.
- OECD. (2025) OECD Inter-Country Input-Output Tables, https://oe.cd/icio — 2006-2010_SML-20260112, retrieved 2026-09-22 from https://webfs-sti.oecd.org/files/STI-PIE/ICIO/2025/2006-2010_SML.zip. Used under OECD Terms and Conditions — section 3, Data; see https://www.oecd.org/en/about/terms-conditions.html.
- OECD. (2025) OECD Inter-Country Input-Output Tables, https://oe.cd/icio — 2011-2015_SML-20260112, retrieved 2026-09-22 from https://webfs-sti.oecd.org/files/STI-PIE/ICIO/2025/2011-2015_SML.zip. Used under OECD Terms and Conditions — section 3, Data; see https://www.oecd.org/en/about/terms-conditions.html.
- OECD. (2025) OECD Inter-Country Input-Output Tables, https://oe.cd/icio — 2016-2022_SML-20260112, retrieved 2026-09-22 from https://webfs-sti.oecd.org/files/STI-PIE/ICIO/2025/2016-2022_SML.zip. Used under OECD Terms and Conditions — section 3, Data; see https://www.oecd.org/en/about/terms-conditions.html.
- Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, International Energy Statistics — intl-20261003, retrieved 2026-10-06 from https://www.eia.gov/opendata/bulk/INTL.zip. Used under U.S. Government work — public domain (EIA Copyrights and Reuse); see https://www.eia.gov/about/copyrights_reuse.php.
- U.S. Geological Survey, National Minerals Information Center, Mineral Commodity Summaries — MCS2012-PDF, retrieved 2026-10-06 from https://d9-wret.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/assets/palladium/production/mineral-pubs/mcs/mcs2012.pdf. Used under U.S. Government work — public domain (USGS Copyrights and Credits); see https://www.usgs.gov/information-policies-and-instructions/copyrights-and-credits.
- U.S. Geological Survey, National Minerals Information Center, Mineral Commodity Summaries — MCS2013-PDF, retrieved 2026-10-06 from https://d9-wret.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/assets/palladium/production/mineral-pubs/mcs/mcs2013.pdf. Used under U.S. Government work — public domain (USGS Copyrights and Credits); see https://www.usgs.gov/information-policies-and-instructions/copyrights-and-credits.
- U.S. Geological Survey, National Minerals Information Center, Mineral Commodity Summaries — MCS2014-PDF, retrieved 2026-10-06 from https://d9-wret.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/assets/palladium/production/mineral-pubs/mcs/mcs2014.pdf. Used under U.S. Government work — public domain (USGS Copyrights and Credits); see https://www.usgs.gov/information-policies-and-instructions/copyrights-and-credits.
- U.S. Geological Survey, National Minerals Information Center, Mineral Commodity Summaries — MCS2015-PDF, retrieved 2026-10-06 from https://d9-wret.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/assets/palladium/production/mineral-pubs/mcs/mcs2015.pdf. Used under U.S. Government work — public domain (USGS Copyrights and Credits); see https://www.usgs.gov/information-policies-and-instructions/copyrights-and-credits.
- U.S. Geological Survey, National Minerals Information Center, Mineral Commodity Summaries — MCS2016-PDF, retrieved 2026-10-06 from https://d9-wret.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/assets/palladium/production/mineral-pubs/mcs/mcs2016.pdf. Used under U.S. Government work — public domain (USGS Copyrights and Credits); see https://www.usgs.gov/information-policies-and-instructions/copyrights-and-credits.
- U.S. Geological Survey, National Minerals Information Center, Mineral Commodity Summaries — MCS2017-PDF, retrieved 2026-10-06 from https://d9-wret.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/assets/palladium/production/mineral-pubs/mcs/mcs2017.pdf. Used under U.S. Government work — public domain (USGS Copyrights and Credits); see https://www.usgs.gov/information-policies-and-instructions/copyrights-and-credits.
- U.S. Geological Survey, National Minerals Information Center, Mineral Commodity Summaries — MCS2018-PDF, retrieved 2026-10-06 from https://d9-wret.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/assets/palladium/production/mineral-pubs/mcs/mcs2018.pdf. Used under U.S. Government work — public domain (USGS Copyrights and Credits); see https://www.usgs.gov/information-policies-and-instructions/copyrights-and-credits.
- U.S. Geological Survey, National Minerals Information Center, Mineral Commodity Summaries — MCS2019-PDF, retrieved 2026-10-06 from https://d9-wret.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/assets/palladium/production/atoms/files/mcs2019_all.pdf. Used under U.S. Government work — public domain (USGS Copyrights and Credits); see https://www.usgs.gov/information-policies-and-instructions/copyrights-and-credits.
- U.S. Geological Survey, National Minerals Information Center, Mineral Commodity Summaries — MCS2020-PDF, retrieved 2026-10-06 from https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2020/mcs2020.pdf. Used under U.S. Government work — public domain (USGS Copyrights and Credits); see https://www.usgs.gov/information-policies-and-instructions/copyrights-and-credits.
- U.S. Geological Survey, National Minerals Information Center, Mineral Commodity Summaries — MCS2021-PDF, retrieved 2026-10-06 from https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021.pdf. Used under U.S. Government work — public domain (USGS Copyrights and Credits); see https://www.usgs.gov/information-policies-and-instructions/copyrights-and-credits.
- U.S. Geological Survey, National Minerals Information Center, Mineral Commodity Summaries — MCS2022-PDF, retrieved 2026-10-06 from https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2022/mcs2022.pdf. Used under U.S. Government work — public domain (USGS Copyrights and Credits); see https://www.usgs.gov/information-policies-and-instructions/copyrights-and-credits.
- U.S. Geological Survey, National Minerals Information Center, Mineral Commodity Summaries — MCS2023-PDF, retrieved 2026-10-06 from https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2023/mcs2023.pdf. Used under U.S. Government work — public domain (USGS Copyrights and Credits); see https://www.usgs.gov/information-policies-and-instructions/copyrights-and-credits.
- U.S. Geological Survey, National Minerals Information Center, Mineral Commodity Summaries — MCS2024-PDF, retrieved 2026-10-06 from https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2024/mcs2024.pdf. Used under U.S. Government work — public domain (USGS Copyrights and Credits); see https://www.usgs.gov/information-policies-and-instructions/copyrights-and-credits.
- U.S. Geological Survey, National Minerals Information Center, Mineral Commodity Summaries — MCS2025-PDF, retrieved 2026-10-06 from https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2025/mcs2025.pdf. Used under U.S. Government work — public domain (USGS Copyrights and Credits); see https://www.usgs.gov/information-policies-and-instructions/copyrights-and-credits.
- U.S. Geological Survey, National Minerals Information Center, Mineral Commodity Summaries — MCS2026-20260206, retrieved 2026-09-29 from https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/69837e43b66b01367d7ec7c7?f=__disk__d3%2Fac%2F84%2Fd3ac8466552946c5e8caa2c2c6338d9e1aff655d. Licensed under Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal (public domain dedication) (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/).
- Uppsala Conflict Data Program (UCDP), Uppsala University — Davies, Pettersson and Oberg, "Organized violence 1989-2025, and violent political protests", Journal of Peace Research (2026), doi:10.1093/jopres/xjag046 — ged-v26.1, retrieved 2026-09-10 from https://ucdp.uu.se/downloads/ged/ged261-csv.zip. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data modified by HumanToll.
- World Health Organization, Global Health Estimates. WHO did not prepare, review or endorse these derived figures — wsh_10-20261006, retrieved 2026-10-06 from https://ghoapi.azureedge.net/api/WSH_10. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo/). Data modified by HumanToll.
HumanToll 2026, run 2259, methodology v1.0. https://quiescence.eu/humantoll/explain/charcoal-bag/