The full breakdown
How the figure for Pack of cigarettes is built
Every stage the model passes through, with its number. Each table below divides the same headline figure a different way, and each one adds up to it exactly — the page checks, and refuses to show a table that does not.
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The headline
One item is one pack of 20 filter cigarettes, without the pack. Scenario Economic-embedded, using FIGARO 2023. Each figure is the middle result of 2,000 runs of the calculation, with the range that holds nine in ten of them beside it, and the grade that range earns.
Materials method — 3.6 × 10⁻¹⁰ per item(1.4–8.8 × 10⁻¹⁰)LOWS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r
Money method — 3.4 × 10⁻⁶ per €1,000 spent in its industry(2.2–5.2 × 10⁻⁶)MEDIUMS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r
Each step below is a middle estimate. The model works out a range for the whole figure, not for each step, so the range that applies to a step is the headline’s.
1 · What it is made of, and what each material carries
How much of each raw material is in one item, the deaths linked to each kilogram of it in this calculation, and the two multiplied together: its part of the headline figure.
| Material | Per item | Deaths per kg | Part of the figure | Share |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tobacco (unmanufactured) | 1.4 × 10⁻⁵ t | 2.6 × 10⁻⁸ | 3.6 × 10⁻¹⁰ | 100% |
| Total | 3.6 × 10⁻¹⁰ | = the headline figure, 3.6 × 10⁻¹⁰ | ||
2 · Where the harm was counted
The same headline, by the country where the harm the materials carry was counted.
| Country | Part of the figure | Share |
|---|---|---|
| Yemen, Rep. | 5.6 × 10⁻¹¹ | 16% |
| Ukraine | 3.1 × 10⁻¹¹ | 8.7% |
| Turkiye | 2.8 × 10⁻¹¹ | 7.9% |
| Brazil | 2.7 × 10⁻¹¹ | 7.6% |
| Myanmar | 2.6 × 10⁻¹¹ | 7.1% |
| Syrian Arab Republic | 2.1 × 10⁻¹¹ | 5.9% |
| Mozambique | 1.7 × 10⁻¹¹ | 4.7% |
| Pakistan | 1.6 × 10⁻¹¹ | 4.6% |
| Lebanon | 1.2 × 10⁻¹¹ | 3.5% |
| Ecuador | 1.0 × 10⁻¹¹ | 2.8% |
| Korea, Rep. | 9.5 × 10⁻¹² | 2.7% |
| United States | 9.3 × 10⁻¹² | 2.6% |
| Mexico | 8.0 × 10⁻¹² | 2.2% |
| Thailand | 7.0 × 10⁻¹² | 1.9% |
| Japan | 5.9 × 10⁻¹² | 1.7% |
| Honduras | 5.8 × 10⁻¹² | 1.6% |
| Burkina Faso | 5.6 × 10⁻¹² | 1.6% |
| Cameroon | 5.1 × 10⁻¹² | 1.4% |
| Mali | 4.7 × 10⁻¹² | 1.3% |
| Congo, Dem. Rep. | 4.6 × 10⁻¹² | 1.3% |
| India | 4.6 × 10⁻¹² | 1.3% |
| Italy | 4.1 × 10⁻¹² | 1.1% |
| Philippines | 3.4 × 10⁻¹² | 0.95% |
| Haiti | 3.2 × 10⁻¹² | 0.90% |
| Ethiopia | 3.1 × 10⁻¹² | 0.87% |
| Nigeria | 2.9 × 10⁻¹² | 0.82% |
| Kenya | 2.9 × 10⁻¹² | 0.81% |
| Argentina | 2.7 × 10⁻¹² | 0.74% |
| Uganda | 2.4 × 10⁻¹² | 0.68% |
| Somalia, Fed. Rep. | 2.3 × 10⁻¹² | 0.63% |
| Niger | 2.2 × 10⁻¹² | 0.62% |
| Burundi | 1.8 × 10⁻¹² | 0.49% |
| Spain | 1.2 × 10⁻¹² | 0.34% |
| Sri Lanka | 1.2 × 10⁻¹² | 0.33% |
| Togo | 1.1 × 10⁻¹² | 0.31% |
| Greece | 1.0 × 10⁻¹² | 0.29% |
| Central African Republic | 1.0 × 10⁻¹² | 0.28% |
| Guatemala | 7.6 × 10⁻¹³ | 0.21% |
| Indonesia | 7.3 × 10⁻¹³ | 0.20% |
| Canada | 7.1 × 10⁻¹³ | 0.20% |
| Colombia | 7.0 × 10⁻¹³ | 0.20% |
| Bulgaria | 6.5 × 10⁻¹³ | 0.18% |
| Poland | 5.8 × 10⁻¹³ | 0.16% |
| Croatia | 5.2 × 10⁻¹³ | 0.14% |
| France | 4.4 × 10⁻¹³ | 0.12% |
| Azerbaijan | 3.4 × 10⁻¹³ | <0.1% |
| Panama | 3.0 × 10⁻¹³ | <0.1% |
| Switzerland | 2.1 × 10⁻¹³ | <0.1% |
| Bangladesh | 1.8 × 10⁻¹³ | <0.1% |
| Hungary | 1.4 × 10⁻¹³ | <0.1% |
| Georgia | 8.6 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| Iraq | 8.1 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| Israel | 6.5 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| Moldova | 5.7 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| Uzbekistan | 5.4 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| Turkmenistan | 5.0 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| Romania | 3.5 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| Iran, Islamic Rep. | 2.7 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| Chad | 2.3 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| Ghana | 2.1 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| Tunisia | 1.7 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| Armenia | 1.3 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| Venezuela, RB | 1.1 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| China | 1.0 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| Eswatini | 7.5 × 10⁻¹⁵ | <0.1% |
| Morocco | 5.8 × 10⁻¹⁵ | <0.1% |
| South Africa | 3.9 × 10⁻¹⁵ | <0.1% |
| Algeria | 1.3 × 10⁻¹⁵ | <0.1% |
| Costa Rica | 7.3 × 10⁻¹⁶ | <0.1% |
| Bolivia | 7.1 × 10⁻¹⁶ | <0.1% |
| Benin | 6.4 × 10⁻¹⁶ | <0.1% |
| Libya | 6.3 × 10⁻¹⁶ | <0.1% |
| Peru | 2.8 × 10⁻¹⁶ | <0.1% |
| Total | 3.6 × 10⁻¹⁰ | = the headline figure, 3.6 × 10⁻¹⁰ |
3 · Through which kind of harm
The same headline, by kind of harm: war, work, poverty, pollution.
| Kind of harm | Part of the figure | Share |
|---|---|---|
| Conflict and political violence | 2.9 × 10⁻¹⁰ | 80% |
| Work | 7.3 × 10⁻¹¹ | 20% |
| Total | 3.6 × 10⁻¹⁰ | = the headline figure, 3.6 × 10⁻¹⁰ |
4 · Which wars
The war deaths in the headline, by war. Harm of any other kind is the row that names no war.
| War | Part of the figure | Share |
|---|---|---|
| Not placed | 7.3 × 10⁻¹¹ | 20% |
| Yemen (North Yemen): Government | 4.8 × 10⁻¹¹ | 13% |
| Russia - Ukraine | 3.1 × 10⁻¹¹ | 8.6% |
| Myanmar (Burma): Government | 1.4 × 10⁻¹¹ | 4.0% |
| Israel: Southern Lebanon | 1.2 × 10⁻¹¹ | 3.3% |
| Pakistan: Government | 1.2 × 10⁻¹¹ | 3.3% |
| Mozambique: Islamic State | 1.1 × 10⁻¹¹ | 3.0% |
| IS - Civilians | 9.0 × 10⁻¹² | 2.5% |
| Syria: Government | 8.3 × 10⁻¹² | 2.3% |
| Comando Vermelho - PCC | 7.9 × 10⁻¹² | 2.2% |
| AQAP - Forces of the Presidential Leadership Council | 6.4 × 10⁻¹² | 1.8% |
| M18 - MS-13 | 5.2 × 10⁻¹² | 1.4% |
| Government of Myanmar (Burma) - Civilians | 4.9 × 10⁻¹² | 1.4% |
| Syria: Islamic State | 4.8 × 10⁻¹² | 1.4% |
| Burkina Faso: Government | 3.4 × 10⁻¹² | 0.96% |
| Los Choneros - Los Lobos | 3.2 × 10⁻¹² | 0.91% |
| Jalisco Cartel New Generation - Sinaloa Cartel | 3.2 × 10⁻¹² | 0.88% |
| Bonde do Maluco - Comando Vermelho | 2.8 × 10⁻¹² | 0.79% |
| SNA - SDF | 2.7 × 10⁻¹² | 0.76% |
| Cartel do Norte - Comando Vermelho | 2.6 × 10⁻¹² | 0.73% |
| Kenya: Northeastern Province and Coast | 2.6 × 10⁻¹² | 0.71% |
| Myanmar (Burma): Kachin | 2.4 × 10⁻¹² | 0.68% |
| Somalia: Government | 2.1 × 10⁻¹² | 0.60% |
| Philippines: Government | 2.1 × 10⁻¹² | 0.58% |
| JNIM - Civilians | 1.9 × 10⁻¹² | 0.54% |
| Mali: Government | 1.9 × 10⁻¹² | 0.52% |
| IS - Naparama | 1.8 × 10⁻¹² | 0.51% |
| Bonde dos 40 - PCC | 1.8 × 10⁻¹² | 0.51% |
| Iran - Israel | 1.7 × 10⁻¹² | 0.47% |
| Ethiopia: Government/Amhara | 1.6 × 10⁻¹² | 0.46% |
| Myanmar (Burma): Karen | 1.6 × 10⁻¹² | 0.44% |
| Turkey: Kurdistan | 1.5 × 10⁻¹² | 0.43% |
| Cameroon: Ambazonia | 1.5 × 10⁻¹² | 0.43% |
| Pakistan: Balochistan | 1.5 × 10⁻¹² | 0.42% |
| Comando Vermelho - GDE | 1.4 × 10⁻¹² | 0.39% |
| Nova Okaida - Estados Unidos | 1.4 × 10⁻¹² | 0.38% |
| Jalisco Cartel New Generation - Santa Rosa de Lima Cartel | 1.4 × 10⁻¹² | 0.38% |
| GDE, PCC - Sindicato do Crime | 1.4 × 10⁻¹² | 0.38% |
| Fatales, Los Aguilas - Los Lobos , Los Tiguerones | 1.4 × 10⁻¹² | 0.38% |
| India: Kashmir | 1.3 × 10⁻¹² | 0.37% |
| IS - SDF | 1.3 × 10⁻¹² | 0.35% |
| Myanmar (Burma): Karenni | 1.2 × 10⁻¹² | 0.35% |
| Juarez Cartel - Sinaloa Cartel | 1.2 × 10⁻¹² | 0.34% |
| Burundi: Government | 1.2 × 10⁻¹² | 0.34% |
| PCC - Sindicato do Crime | 1.2 × 10⁻¹² | 0.34% |
| Amigos Para Sempre - Família Terror Amapá | 1.2 × 10⁻¹² | 0.33% |
| Pakistan: Islamic State | 1.2 × 10⁻¹² | 0.33% |
| Kuki - Meitei | 1.2 × 10⁻¹² | 0.32% |
| Niger: Islamic State | 1.1 × 10⁻¹² | 0.32% |
| Los Chone Killers - Latin Kings | 1.1 × 10⁻¹² | 0.31% |
| M18 - Civilians | 1.1 × 10⁻¹² | 0.31% |
| India: Government | 1.1 × 10⁻¹² | 0.30% |
| Nigeria: Islamic State | 1.1 × 10⁻¹² | 0.30% |
| United Kingdom, United States of America - Yemen | 1.0 × 10⁻¹² | 0.28% |
| Philippines: Islamic State | 1.0 × 10⁻¹² | 0.28% |
| Los Aguilas - Los Lobos | 9.9 × 10⁻¹³ | 0.28% |
| Comando Vermelho - Civilians | 9.9 × 10⁻¹³ | 0.28% |
| Deir ez Zor Military Council - SDF | 9.8 × 10⁻¹³ | 0.27% |
| JAS - Civilians | 9.6 × 10⁻¹³ | 0.27% |
| Carteles Unidos - Jalisco Cartel New Generation | 9.2 × 10⁻¹³ | 0.26% |
| Cameroon: Government | 9.0 × 10⁻¹³ | 0.25% |
| Los Choneros - Los Lagartos | 9.0 × 10⁻¹³ | 0.25% |
| Los Lobos - Los Tiguerones | 8.8 × 10⁻¹³ | 0.25% |
| Los Lagartos - Mafia 18 | 8.8 × 10⁻¹³ | 0.25% |
| Ambazonia insurgents - Civilians | 8.3 × 10⁻¹³ | 0.23% |
| Government of Mozambique - Civilians | 8.0 × 10⁻¹³ | 0.22% |
| IS - JNIM | 7.7 × 10⁻¹³ | 0.21% |
| URDPC - Civilians | 7.3 × 10⁻¹³ | 0.20% |
| Government of Yemen (North Yemen) - Civilians | 7.2 × 10⁻¹³ | 0.20% |
| Bonde dos 13, PCC - Comando Vermelho | 7.2 × 10⁻¹³ | 0.20% |
| Bonde dos 40 - Comando Vermelho | 7.2 × 10⁻¹³ | 0.20% |
| Burkina Faso: Islamic State | 7.0 × 10⁻¹³ | 0.20% |
| Uganda: Islamic State | 6.8 × 10⁻¹³ | 0.19% |
| Los Aguilas - Los Lobos , Los Tiguerones | 6.8 × 10⁻¹³ | 0.19% |
| Myanmar (Burma): Arakan | 6.7 × 10⁻¹³ | 0.19% |
| Ethiopia: Oromiya | 6.1 × 10⁻¹³ | 0.17% |
| Government of Haiti - Civilians | 6.0 × 10⁻¹³ | 0.17% |
| Central African Republic: Government | 6.0 × 10⁻¹³ | 0.17% |
| Israel: Palestine | 5.7 × 10⁻¹³ | 0.16% |
| G9 - G-Pep | 5.4 × 10⁻¹³ | 0.15% |
| Government of Burundi - Civilians | 5.4 × 10⁻¹³ | 0.15% |
| Nigeria: Government | 5.3 × 10⁻¹³ | 0.15% |
| Caborca Cartel, Sinaloa Cartel - Los Mayos - Sinaloa Cartel - Los Chapitos | 5.3 × 10⁻¹³ | 0.15% |
| Terre Noire - Civilians | 5.1 × 10⁻¹³ | 0.14% |
| Comando Vermelho - Holanda | 5.1 × 10⁻¹³ | 0.14% |
| 5 Segond, Taliban - Civilians | 5.0 × 10⁻¹³ | 0.14% |
| CPI-Maoist - Civilians | 4.9 × 10⁻¹³ | 0.14% |
| Lengola - Mbole | 4.8 × 10⁻¹³ | 0.13% |
| Government of Mali - Civilians | 4.7 × 10⁻¹³ | 0.13% |
| Grand Ravine - Civilians | 4.6 × 10⁻¹³ | 0.13% |
| Indonesia: West Papua | 4.6 × 10⁻¹³ | 0.13% |
| Togo: Government | 4.3 × 10⁻¹³ | 0.12% |
| Cameroon: Islamic State | 4.2 × 10⁻¹³ | 0.12% |
| Syria: Government/Rojava Kurdistan | 4.2 × 10⁻¹³ | 0.12% |
| Myanmar (Burma): Kokang | 4.1 × 10⁻¹³ | 0.11% |
| Shia (Pakistan) - Sunni (Pakistan) | 4.0 × 10⁻¹³ | 0.11% |
| Mali: Government/Azawad | 3.9 × 10⁻¹³ | 0.11% |
| Comando Vermelho - Massa | 3.9 × 10⁻¹³ | 0.11% |
| Mali: Islamic State | 3.8 × 10⁻¹³ | 0.11% |
| Nova Okaida - PCC | 3.7 × 10⁻¹³ | 0.10% |
| Government of Burkina Faso - Civilians | 3.7 × 10⁻¹³ | 0.10% |
| Bonde do Maluco - Katiara | 3.5 × 10⁻¹³ | <0.1% |
| Bonde do Maluco - Civilians | 3.5 × 10⁻¹³ | <0.1% |
| G-Pep - Civilians | 3.5 × 10⁻¹³ | <0.1% |
| Government of Rwanda - Civilians | 3.4 × 10⁻¹³ | <0.1% |
| DR Congo (Zaire): Government | 3.4 × 10⁻¹³ | <0.1% |
| DR Congo (Zaire): Islamic State | 3.4 × 10⁻¹³ | <0.1% |
| Thailand: Patani | 3.2 × 10⁻¹³ | <0.1% |
| Al-Shabaab - Civilians | 3.1 × 10⁻¹³ | <0.1% |
| MS-13 - Civilians | 3.0 × 10⁻¹³ | <0.1% |
| Azerbaijan: Artsakh (Nagorno-Karabakh) | 3.0 × 10⁻¹³ | <0.1% |
| Bonde dos 40 - Civilians | 2.8 × 10⁻¹³ | <0.1% |
| Comando Vermelho - Terceiro Comando Puro | 2.6 × 10⁻¹³ | <0.1% |
| IS - JAS | 2.6 × 10⁻¹³ | <0.1% |
| Government of Ethiopia - Civilians | 2.5 × 10⁻¹³ | <0.1% |
| AAKG - CPC | 2.4 × 10⁻¹³ | <0.1% |
| Cartel Independiente de Acapulco - Los Rusos, UPOEG | 2.3 × 10⁻¹³ | <0.1% |
| Niger: Government | 2.2 × 10⁻¹³ | <0.1% |
| OPM - Civilians | 2.2 × 10⁻¹³ | <0.1% |
| Kashmir insurgents - Civilians | 2.1 × 10⁻¹³ | <0.1% |
| M23 - VDP | 2.1 × 10⁻¹³ | <0.1% |
| CPP - Civilians | 2.0 × 10⁻¹³ | <0.1% |
| Mobondo - Civilians | 2.0 × 10⁻¹³ | <0.1% |
| Government of Cameroon - Civilians | 2.0 × 10⁻¹³ | <0.1% |
| PCC - Civilians | 2.0 × 10⁻¹³ | <0.1% |
| Dan na Ambassagou - JNIM | 2.0 × 10⁻¹³ | <0.1% |
| OLA - Civilians | 1.9 × 10⁻¹³ | <0.1% |
| Israel - Syria | 1.8 × 10⁻¹³ | <0.1% |
| Ajeita - Bonde do Maluco | 1.8 × 10⁻¹³ | <0.1% |
| Fano - Civilians | 1.7 × 10⁻¹³ | <0.1% |
| BRAS - Civilians | 1.7 × 10⁻¹³ | <0.1% |
| Anuak - Nuer | 1.7 × 10⁻¹³ | <0.1% |
| Government of Russia (Soviet Union) - Civilians | 1.6 × 10⁻¹³ | <0.1% |
| M23 - Civilians | 1.6 × 10⁻¹³ | <0.1% |
| SSC-Khatumo Administration - Republic of Somaliland | 1.6 × 10⁻¹³ | <0.1% |
| Fulani - Mwaghavul | 1.5 × 10⁻¹³ | <0.1% |
| Sinaloa Cartel - Los Chapitos - Sinaloa Cartel - Los Mayos | 1.5 × 10⁻¹³ | <0.1% |
| Rwanda: Government | 1.4 × 10⁻¹³ | <0.1% |
| ARSA - Civilians | 1.4 × 10⁻¹³ | <0.1% |
| Fulani - Mwaghavul , Ron | 1.4 × 10⁻¹³ | <0.1% |
| Gran Grif - Civilians | 1.3 × 10⁻¹³ | <0.1% |
| 400 Mawozo - Civilians | 1.3 × 10⁻¹³ | <0.1% |
| Carteles Unidos, Guerreros Unidos - Los Tlacos | 1.3 × 10⁻¹³ | <0.1% |
| Government of Brazil - Civilians | 1.3 × 10⁻¹³ | <0.1% |
| Government of DR Congo (Zaire) - Civilians | 1.3 × 10⁻¹³ | <0.1% |
| Fulani - Tiv | 1.3 × 10⁻¹³ | <0.1% |
| NUG - Civilians | 1.2 × 10⁻¹³ | <0.1% |
| Anti-Bala - Bala na Cara | 1.2 × 10⁻¹³ | <0.1% |
| Comités locaux de vigilance - JAS | 1.2 × 10⁻¹³ | <0.1% |
| Farmers (Nigeria) - Herders (Nigeria) | 1.1 × 10⁻¹³ | <0.1% |
| Bonde dos 40 - PCM | 1.1 × 10⁻¹³ | <0.1% |
| Los Ardillos - Los Tlacos | 9.7 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| TTP - Civilians | 9.7 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| Syrian insurgents - Civilians | 9.5 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| Hindus (India) - Muslims (India) | 9.0 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| Djerma (Zherma) - Fulani | 8.5 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| EGC - Civilians | 8.5 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| Nigeria: Biafra | 7.9 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| Government of India - Civilians | 7.9 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| Los Lobos - R7 | 7.5 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| SDF - Civilians | 7.4 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| Central African Republic: Logone | 7.3 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| Jalisco Cartel New Generation - Zetas Vieja Escuela | 7.1 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| Government of Pakistan - Civilians | 6.9 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| URDPC - Zaire self-defense group | 6.7 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| CPC - Civilians | 6.6 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| Birom - Fulani | 5.9 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| Zaire self-defense group - Civilians | 5.9 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| VDP - Civilians | 5.6 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| Government of Indonesia - Civilians | 5.5 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| Dozos (Mali) - JNIM | 5.3 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| Atyap - Fulani | 5.1 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| Karimjo - Wurukum | 4.8 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| Colombia: Government | 4.8 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| Black Axe - Eyie | 4.5 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| India: Western South East Asia | 4.5 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| FARC-EMC - Civilians | 4.5 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| Amhara - Oromo | 4.4 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| FPIC Chambre noire sanduku - URDPC | 4.3 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| FPIC Chambre noire sanduku - Civilians | 4.2 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| Forces of Terwase Akwanza - Civilians | 4.0 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| Fulani - Idoma | 3.7 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| Fulani - Kuteb | 3.5 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| DZ Mafia - Yoda | 3.1 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| AFC - Civilians | 3.1 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| Dozos (Mali) - Civilians | 3.0 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| Supporters of Awami League - Supporters of BNP | 3.0 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| FARC-EMC - ELN | 2.9 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| AFP-Gutabara - CNPSC, FABB | 2.9 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| PKK - Civilians | 2.8 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| Afghanistan - Pakistan | 2.8 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| Philippines: Mindanao | 2.5 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| Government of Philippines - Civilians | 2.5 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| Government of Nigeria - Civilians | 2.5 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| Iraq: Government | 2.3 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| Iran: Government | 2.3 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| VHP - Civilians | 2.3 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| Government of Central African Republic - Civilians | 2.1 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| Kusasi - Mamprusi | 2.1 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| Chain Guys - Full Force | 2.1 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| Los Rusos, UPOEG - Los Tlacos | 2.0 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| Guraghe - Mareqo | 2.0 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| ELN - Civilians | 1.9 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| FARC - Segunda Marquetalia - Civilians | 1.9 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| Dan na Ambassagou - Civilians | 1.8 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| Jalisco Cartel New Generation - Civilians | 1.8 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| Jalisco Cartel New Generation - Pájaros Sierra | 1.7 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| Tunisia: Government | 1.7 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| Myanmar (Burma): Shan | 1.7 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| Los Costenos - Los Pepes | 1.5 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| Supporters of Awami League - Supporters of Jamaat-e-Islami | 1.5 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| EGC - ELN, FARC-EMC | 1.5 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| Government of Mexico - Civilians | 1.4 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| Kokorat sans ras - Civilians | 1.4 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| EGC - ELN | 1.4 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| RED-TABARA - Civilians | 1.4 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| LeJ - Civilians | 1.4 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| GATIA - IS | 1.4 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| Murle - Nuer | 1.3 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| Chad: Government | 1.2 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| Los Ardillos - Los Rojos | 1.2 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| Hausa - Fulani | 1.2 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| Gulf Cartel - Los Zetas - Cártel del Noreste faction | 1.2 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| India - Pakistan | 1.1 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| India: Nagaland | 1.1 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| NSCN-IM - Civilians | 1.1 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| PLFI - Civilians | 1.1 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| Amigos dos Amigos - Comando Vermelho | 1.1 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| FDN - PCC | 1.1 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| Sa'ad subclan of Habar Gidir clan (Hawiye) - Leelkase subclan (Darod) | 1.1 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| Patani insurgents - Civilians | 1.1 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| AFP-Gutabara - FABB | 1.1 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| IS - HTS | 1.1 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| Farmers (Chad) - Herders (Chad) | 9.1 × 10⁻¹⁵ | <0.1% |
| FRPI - Civilians | 8.7 × 10⁻¹⁵ | <0.1% |
| Government of Venezuela - Civilians | 8.6 × 10⁻¹⁵ | <0.1% |
| Fulani - Irigwe | 8.2 × 10⁻¹⁵ | <0.1% |
| Somalia: Islamic State | 8.0 × 10⁻¹⁵ | <0.1% |
| Choa Arab - Kotoko | 8.0 × 10⁻¹⁵ | <0.1% |
| Choa Arab - Musgum | 8.0 × 10⁻¹⁵ | <0.1% |
| Government of eSwatini (Swaziland) - Civilians | 7.5 × 10⁻¹⁵ | <0.1% |
| IS - MSA | 6.9 × 10⁻¹⁵ | <0.1% |
| Fulani - Igala | 6.8 × 10⁻¹⁵ | <0.1% |
| EGC - Autodefensas Conquistadoras de la Sierra Nevada | 6.2 × 10⁻¹⁵ | <0.1% |
| Greenlanders - NDV | 6.2 × 10⁻¹⁵ | <0.1% |
| Black Axe - Maphite | 6.2 × 10⁻¹⁵ | <0.1% |
| Morocco: Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (Western Sahara) | 5.8 × 10⁻¹⁵ | <0.1% |
| Basonge - Bena Nkoma (Bakwa Luntu, Luba) | 5.8 × 10⁻¹⁵ | <0.1% |
| Government of Colombia - Civilians | 5.1 × 10⁻¹⁵ | <0.1% |
| FDLR-FOCA - Civilians | 4.8 × 10⁻¹⁵ | <0.1% |
| FPIC Chambre noire sanduku - FRPI | 4.8 × 10⁻¹⁵ | <0.1% |
| Farmers (CAR) - Herders (CAR) | 4.7 × 10⁻¹⁵ | <0.1% |
| AAKG - Civilians | 4.7 × 10⁻¹⁵ | <0.1% |
| Supporters of APC - Supporters of PDP | 4.1 × 10⁻¹⁵ | <0.1% |
| Gulf Cartel - Sinaloa Cartel | 4.1 × 10⁻¹⁵ | <0.1% |
| Gulf Cartel - Jalisco Cartel New Generation | 4.1 × 10⁻¹⁵ | <0.1% |
| Amhara - Gumuz | 3.9 × 10⁻¹⁵ | <0.1% |
| Mayi Mayi Chini ya Tuna - Civilians | 3.9 × 10⁻¹⁵ | <0.1% |
| Black Axe - SVC | 3.4 × 10⁻¹⁵ | <0.1% |
| IPOB - Civilians | 3.4 × 10⁻¹⁵ | <0.1% |
| South Sudan: Government | 2.9 × 10⁻¹⁵ | <0.1% |
| Luba - Batwa | 2.9 × 10⁻¹⁵ | <0.1% |
| Agatu - Fulani | 2.7 × 10⁻¹⁵ | <0.1% |
| IS - Yan Gora | 2.7 × 10⁻¹⁵ | <0.1% |
| Deebam - NDV | 2.7 × 10⁻¹⁵ | <0.1% |
| Iran: Islamic State | 2.5 × 10⁻¹⁵ | <0.1% |
| CATA - Codeta | 2.4 × 10⁻¹⁵ | <0.1% |
| Comandos de la Frontera - Civilians | 2.3 × 10⁻¹⁵ | <0.1% |
| Government of Somalia - Civilians | 2.1 × 10⁻¹⁵ | <0.1% |
| Government of Iran - Civilians | 1.9 × 10⁻¹⁵ | <0.1% |
| Autodefensas Conquistadoras de la Sierra Nevada - Civilians | 1.7 × 10⁻¹⁵ | <0.1% |
| Government of South Africa - Civilians | 1.6 × 10⁻¹⁵ | <0.1% |
| Hamas - Civilians | 1.6 × 10⁻¹⁵ | <0.1% |
| Jukun - Tiv | 1.4 × 10⁻¹⁵ | <0.1% |
| Algeria: Government | 1.3 × 10⁻¹⁵ | <0.1% |
| Los Costenos - Civilians | 1.1 × 10⁻¹⁵ | <0.1% |
| Al-Shabaab - IS | 1.1 × 10⁻¹⁵ | <0.1% |
| DR Congo (Zaire): Katanga | 9.7 × 10⁻¹⁶ | <0.1% |
| Government of Uganda - Civilians | 9.7 × 10⁻¹⁶ | <0.1% |
| Twiganeho - Civilians | 9.7 × 10⁻¹⁶ | <0.1% |
| AFC - VDP | 9.7 × 10⁻¹⁶ | <0.1% |
| Forces of Tony Peña - Los Hondureños | 7.3 × 10⁻¹⁶ | <0.1% |
| Guerreros Unidos - Los Tlacos | 6.8 × 10⁻¹⁶ | <0.1% |
| Libya: Government | 6.3 × 10⁻¹⁶ | <0.1% |
| Benin: Government | 3.9 × 10⁻¹⁶ | <0.1% |
| Peru: Government | 2.8 × 10⁻¹⁶ | <0.1% |
| Government of Israel - Civilians | 1.1 × 10⁻¹⁶ | <0.1% |
| Total | 3.6 × 10⁻¹⁰ | = the headline figure, 3.6 × 10⁻¹⁰ |
5 · The money method: which industries
The figure per €1,000, by the industry where the harm happened, anywhere in the supply chain.
| Industry | Part of the figure | Share |
|---|---|---|
| Crop and animal production, hunting and related service activities | 2.3 × 10⁻⁶ | 69% |
| Mining and quarrying | 7.0 × 10⁻⁷ | 21% |
| Land transport and transport via pipelines | 7.0 × 10⁻⁸ | 2.0% |
| Manufacture of food products; beverages and tobacco products | 6.0 × 10⁻⁸ | 1.8% |
| Water transport | 3.3 × 10⁻⁸ | 0.98% |
| Forestry and logging | 3.3 × 10⁻⁸ | 0.98% |
| Manufacture of basic metals | 3.3 × 10⁻⁸ | 0.96% |
| Warehousing and support activities for transportation | 2.8 × 10⁻⁸ | 0.82% |
| Wholesale trade, except of motor vehicles and motorcycles | 1.8 × 10⁻⁸ | 0.53% |
| Air transport | 1.3 × 10⁻⁸ | 0.39% |
| Retail trade, except of motor vehicles and motorcycles | 7.8 × 10⁻⁹ | 0.23% |
| Postal and courier activities | 5.1 × 10⁻⁹ | 0.15% |
| Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment | 4.8 × 10⁻⁹ | 0.14% |
| Water collection, treatment and supply | 4.3 × 10⁻⁹ | 0.13% |
| Construction | 3.6 × 10⁻⁹ | 0.11% |
| Fishing and aquaculture | 3.1 × 10⁻⁹ | <0.1% |
| Manufacture of other transport equipment | 3.0 × 10⁻⁹ | <0.1% |
| Manufacture of coke and refined petroleum products | 2.5 × 10⁻⁹ | <0.1% |
| Security and investigation, service and landscape, office administrative and support activities | 2.5 × 10⁻⁹ | <0.1% |
| Manufacture of chemicals and chemical products | 2.2 × 10⁻⁹ | <0.1% |
| Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply | 2.0 × 10⁻⁹ | <0.1% |
| Rental and leasing activities | 1.7 × 10⁻⁹ | <0.1% |
| Employment activities | 1.5 × 10⁻⁹ | <0.1% |
| Public administration and defence; compulsory social security | 1.5 × 10⁻⁹ | <0.1% |
| Manufacture of rubber and plastic products | 1.4 × 10⁻⁹ | <0.1% |
| Manufacture of paper and paper products | 1.3 × 10⁻⁹ | <0.1% |
| Wholesale and retail trade and repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles | 1.2 × 10⁻⁹ | <0.1% |
| Sewerage, waste management, remediation activities | 1.2 × 10⁻⁹ | <0.1% |
| Legal and accounting activities; activities of head offices; management consultancy activities | 8.5 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Accommodation and food service activities | 5.5 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Manufacture of other non-metallic mineral products | 5.4 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Manufacture of machinery and equipment n.e.c. | 5.1 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Repair and installation of machinery and equipment | 3.9 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Manufacture of motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers | 3.6 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Human health activities | 3.4 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Advertising and market research | 3.3 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Manufacture of textiles, wearing apparel, leather and related products | 3.1 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products | 3.1 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Real estate activities | 2.9 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Manufacture of electrical equipment | 2.9 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Manufacture of wood and of products of wood and cork, except furniture; manufacture of articles of straw and plaiting materials | 2.5 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Travel agency, tour operator reservation service and related activities | 2.3 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Architectural and engineering activities; technical testing and analysis | 2.3 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Computer programming, consultancy, and information service activities | 2.1 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Repair of computers and personal and household goods | 2.0 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Manufacture of basic pharmaceutical products and pharmaceutical preparations | 1.8 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Other professional, scientific and technical activities; veterinary activities | 1.7 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Printing and reproduction of recorded media | 1.7 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Activities of membership organisations | 1.6 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Financial service activities, except insurance and pension funding | 1.4 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Other personal service activities | 1.3 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Telecommunications | 1.0 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Manufacture of furniture; other manufacturing | 1.0 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Sports activities and amusement and recreation activities | 1.0 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Creative, arts and entertainment activities; libraries, archives, museums and other cultural activities; gambling and betting activities | 8.3 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| Education | 6.2 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| Motion picture, video, television programme production; programming and broadcasting activities | 6.2 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security | 4.7 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| Publishing activities | 4.6 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| Activities auxiliary to financial services and insurance activities | 4.5 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| Activities of households as employers; undifferentiated goods- and services-producing activities of households for own use | 2.5 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| Residential care activities and social work activities without accommodation | 2.4 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| Scientific research and development | 1.8 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| Total | 3.4 × 10⁻⁶ | = the headline figure, 3.4 × 10⁻⁶ |
6 · The money method: which countries
The figure per €1,000, by the country of the industry where the harm happened.
| Country | Part of the figure | Share |
|---|---|---|
| Not placed | 2.6 × 10⁻⁶ | 77% |
| Mexico | 3.9 × 10⁻⁷ | 12% |
| Brazil | 1.5 × 10⁻⁷ | 4.3% |
| United States | 6.8 × 10⁻⁸ | 2.0% |
| Russian Federation | 2.9 × 10⁻⁸ | 0.85% |
| Turkiye | 2.6 × 10⁻⁸ | 0.77% |
| France | 1.6 × 10⁻⁸ | 0.47% |
| India | 1.2 × 10⁻⁸ | 0.35% |
| Canada | 1.2 × 10⁻⁸ | 0.34% |
| Korea, Rep. | 1.1 × 10⁻⁸ | 0.31% |
| Germany | 9.7 × 10⁻⁹ | 0.28% |
| Spain | 9.3 × 10⁻⁹ | 0.27% |
| Italy | 9.0 × 10⁻⁹ | 0.26% |
| Japan | 8.9 × 10⁻⁹ | 0.26% |
| Argentina | 8.6 × 10⁻⁹ | 0.25% |
| Austria | 5.5 × 10⁻⁹ | 0.16% |
| Australia | 3.4 × 10⁻⁹ | <0.1% |
| Poland | 3.3 × 10⁻⁹ | <0.1% |
| Romania | 2.9 × 10⁻⁹ | <0.1% |
| Indonesia | 2.4 × 10⁻⁹ | <0.1% |
| Portugal | 2.4 × 10⁻⁹ | <0.1% |
| Ireland | 2.1 × 10⁻⁹ | <0.1% |
| Denmark | 1.4 × 10⁻⁹ | <0.1% |
| Bulgaria | 1.4 × 10⁻⁹ | <0.1% |
| Norway | 1.2 × 10⁻⁹ | <0.1% |
| Hungary | 1.2 × 10⁻⁹ | <0.1% |
| Belgium | 9.1 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Switzerland | 9.1 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Lithuania | 8.9 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Czechia | 8.9 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Finland | 7.7 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Greece | 7.6 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Netherlands | 6.1 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Sweden | 6.0 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Croatia | 5.8 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Latvia | 3.8 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Cyprus | 3.5 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Slovak Republic | 3.5 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Luxembourg | 2.3 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Slovenia | 1.9 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| South Africa | 1.2 × 10⁻¹⁰ | <0.1% |
| Estonia | 8.3 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| Saudi Arabia | 6.8 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| United Kingdom | 4.7 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| Malta | 4.3 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| China | 3.8 × 10⁻¹¹ | <0.1% |
| Serbia | 2.5 × 10⁻¹⁴ | <0.1% |
| Total | 3.4 × 10⁻⁶ | = the headline figure, 3.4 × 10⁻⁶ |
What this trail does not show
- Each table is a separate way of dividing the figure. “Cobalt accounts for 40%” and “one country accounts for 60%” are two views of one figure, not a path through it: the calculation stores the figure divided each way on its own, not every combination of them.
- A range belongs to the whole figure. A step’s number is only its middle estimate.
- Production phase only. Harm from using the product — driving the car, charging the phone — is not in this figure.
Sources behind this figure
- CEPII, BACI — Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level, CEPII Working Paper 2010-23. CEPII did not endorse these derived figures — HS92_V202601-20260130, retrieved 2026-09-29 from https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/data/BACI_HS92_V202601.zip. Licensed under Open Licence 2.0 (Licence Ouverte, Etalab) (https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf).
- Eurostat, Euro/ECU exchange rates - annual data (ert_bil_eur_a) — ert_bil_eur_a-USD-20261006, retrieved 2026-10-06 from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/sdmx/2.1/data/ert_bil_eur_a/A.AVG.NAC.USD?format=SDMX-CSV&startPeriod=1995. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data modified by HumanToll.
- Eurostat, European Commission — esaw-fatal-20260910, retrieved 2026-09-10 from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/sdmx/2.1/data/hsw_n2_02?format=SDMX-CSV. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data modified by HumanToll.
- Eurostat, European Commission — esaw-fatal-20261006, retrieved 2026-10-06 from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/sdmx/2.1/data/hsw_n2_02?format=SDMX-CSV. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data modified by HumanToll.
- Eurostat, European Commission — esaw-non_fatal-20260910, retrieved 2026-09-10 from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/sdmx/2.1/data/hsw_n2_01?format=SDMX-CSV. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data modified by HumanToll.
- Eurostat, European Commission — esaw-non_fatal-20261006, retrieved 2026-10-06 from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/sdmx/2.1/data/hsw_n2_01?format=SDMX-CSV. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data modified by HumanToll.
- Eurostat, FIGARO inter-country input-output tables — ii1-20260718, retrieved 2026-09-29 from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/sdmx/2.1/data/naio_10_fcp_ii1?format=SDMX-CSV&compressed=true. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data modified by HumanToll.
- Eurostat, FIGARO inter-country input-output tables — ii2-20260718, retrieved 2026-09-29 from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/sdmx/2.1/data/naio_10_fcp_ii2?format=SDMX-CSV&compressed=true. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data modified by HumanToll.
- Eurostat, FIGARO inter-country input-output tables — ii3-20260718, retrieved 2026-09-29 from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/sdmx/2.1/data/naio_10_fcp_ii3?format=SDMX-CSV&compressed=true. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data modified by HumanToll.
- Eurostat, FIGARO inter-country input-output tables — ii4-20260720, retrieved 2026-09-29 from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/sdmx/2.1/data/naio_10_fcp_ii4?format=SDMX-CSV&compressed=true. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data modified by HumanToll.
- FAO. AQUASTAT, FAO's Global Information System on Water and Agriculture: municipal water withdrawal. Licence: CC-BY-4.0. FAO endorsement of these derived figures is neither stated nor implied — ds-20260713, retrieved 2026-10-06 from https://api.data.apps.fao.org/api/v2/bigquery. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data modified by HumanToll.
- FAO. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, FAOSTAT. Licence: CC-BY-4.0. FAO endorsement of these derived figures is neither stated nor implied — fo-20260109, retrieved 2026-09-29 from https://bulks-faostat.fao.org/production/Forestry_E_All_Data_(Normalized).zip. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data modified by HumanToll.
- FAO. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, FAOSTAT. Licence: CC-BY-4.0. FAO endorsement of these derived figures is neither stated nor implied — qcl-20251231, retrieved 2026-09-29 from https://bulks-faostat.fao.org/production/Production_Crops_Livestock_E_All_Data_(Normalized).zip. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data modified by HumanToll.
- FAO. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, FAOSTAT. Licence: CC-BY-4.0. FAO endorsement of these derived figures is neither stated nor implied — rfb-20260730, retrieved 2026-09-29 from https://bulks-faostat.fao.org/production/Inputs_FertilizersProduct_E_All_Data_(Normalized).zip. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data modified by HumanToll.
- FAO. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, FAOSTAT. Licence: CC-BY-4.0. FAO endorsement of these derived figures is neither stated nor implied — rl-20261002, retrieved 2026-10-06 from https://bulks-faostat.fao.org/production/Inputs_LandUse_E_All_Data_(Normalized).zip. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data modified by HumanToll.
- Information from the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) — arms-register-1950-2025, retrieved 2026-09-29 from https://atbackend.sipri.org/api/p/trades/trade-register-csv/. Used under SIPRI terms and conditions — fair-use policy; see https://www.sipri.org/about/terms-and-conditions.
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- International Labour Organization, ILOSTAT. The ILO did not prepare, review or endorse these derived figures; responsibility for them rests solely with Quiescence — emp-20261006, retrieved 2026-10-06 from https://sdmx.ilo.org/rest/data/ILO,DF_EMP_TEMP_SEX_ECO_NB,1.0/.A..SEX_T.. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data modified by HumanToll.
- International Labour Organization, ILOSTAT. The ILO did not prepare, review or endorse these derived figures; responsibility for them rests solely with Quiescence — emp-20261007, retrieved 2026-10-06 from https://sdmx.ilo.org/rest/data/ILO,DF_EMP_TEMP_SEX_ECO_NB,1.0/.A..SEX_T.. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data modified by HumanToll.
- International Labour Organization, ILOSTAT. The ILO did not prepare, review or endorse these derived figures; responsibility for them rests solely with Quiescence — fatal-20261006, retrieved 2026-10-06 from https://sdmx.ilo.org/rest/data/ILO,DF_INJ_FATL_ECO_NB,1.0/all. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data modified by HumanToll.
- International Labour Organization, ILOSTAT. The ILO did not prepare, review or endorse these derived figures; responsibility for them rests solely with Quiescence — non_fatal-20261006, retrieved 2026-10-06 from https://sdmx.ilo.org/rest/data/ILO,DF_INJ_NFTL_ECO_NB,1.0/all. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data modified by HumanToll.
- OECD. (2025) OECD Inter-Country Input-Output Tables, https://oe.cd/icio — 1995-2000_SML-20260112, retrieved 2026-09-22 from https://webfs-sti.oecd.org/files/STI-PIE/ICIO/2025/1995-2000_SML.zip. Used under OECD Terms and Conditions — section 3, Data; see https://www.oecd.org/en/about/terms-conditions.html.
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HumanToll 2026, run 2259, methodology v1.0. https://quiescence.eu/humantoll/explain/cigarette-pack/